1. Chapter 8: Recognizing Basic Patterns of Organization
Essential Reading Skills, 2/e Kathleen McWhorter
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2. What Are Patterns of Organization?
Writers use a variety of patterns of organization to present their ideas so that readers can easily find the main points.
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3. Common Patterns of Organization
Example
Definition
Chronological Order and Process
Listing
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Example Pattern
The main idea in the topic sentence is supported by an example or several examples. In a longer writing, a separate paragraph may be used for each example.
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5. Transitions Used with the Example Pattern
Many pets, such as cats and parakeets, provide companionship for their owners.
For example
For instance
Such as
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Map of Example Pattern
MAIN IDEA
Example
Example
Example
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Definition Pattern
Ask these questions:
What is being defined?
What makes it different from other items or ideas?
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8. Map of Definition Pattern
Term
Distinguishing Feature
Distinguishing Feature
Distinguishing Feature
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9. Combining Definition & Example Patterns
Term
Distinguishing Feature
Examples
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10. Chronological Order Pattern
The writer tells a story with events in chronological order.
Time Sequence—order in which something occurs.
Starts with first event, continues with the second event, and so on.
Uses dates and time transition words such as: first, next, and finally.
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11. Transitions: Chronological & Process Patterns
first before following
second after last
later then during
next in addition when
another also until
as soon as finally meanwhile
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Process Order
Process refers to the order in which something is done or occurs. The writer explains how something is done or made.
how to put together a bookcase
how to knit a sweater
how bees make honey
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13. Map of Process Pattern vs. Chronological Pattern
Chronological Order:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Earliest Event
Most Recent Event
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Listing
Specific steps or time sequences are not important.
Order is determined by how the author wants to present it.
Example:
Telling a friend about three movies.
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Map of Listing Pattern
MAIN IDEA
Item
Item
Item
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16. Combining Patterns of Organization
Often patterns are combined in the writing of textbooks, novels, magazine articles, and newspapers.
Definition & Example
Chronological Order
and Listing
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17. Test-Taking Tip #8: Answering Questions About Patterns
Study the transition words; these may suggest a pattern.
Ask: “How does the author explain his or her main idea?”
A question may not use the exact term “pattern,” but it may be asking you to identify the pattern.
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18. Visit the Companion Website
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