1. Review of Narrative Elements

2. Narrative Elements CSP-PTC Consistent Point of View
Narrative Discourse – Direct and Indirect
Unified Incident

3. Narrative Elements CSP-PTC Consistent Point of View
Narrative Discourse – Direct and Indirect
Unified Incident

4. Narrative Discourse (a) Direct and (b) Indirect Discourse
Reveal what characters are saying either through (a) character’s own words OR
(b) character’s message, but narrator’s words.

5. Narrative Discourse Direct Discourse What a Character actually says
Character + verb “to say” + , “quote/actual statement.”
Ex) Achilles says, “Ooh! Look at all the sharp shiny swords!”
Indirect Discourse
The narrator/storyteller says what the character says in the narrator/storyteller’s words instead of the character’s
Character + verb “to say” + that + message of the character
Ex1) Achilles said that he was excited to see the swords.
Ex2) Achilles reacted with excitement when he saw the swords.

7. Narrative Discourse
3 Questions to ask when thinking about narrative discourse…
A) Who is speaking?
B) With whom is s/he speaking?
C) What is the message?

8. Narrative Discourse
“Leave Menelaus,” Paris whispered to Helen. “Menelaus is old and does not appreciate your beauty as I do. Leave him and come live with me in my kingdom of Troy.”
1) What type is it? DD/ID
2) Who is speaking?
3) With whom is s/he speaking?
4) What is the message?

9. Narrative Discourse
After Paris stole Helen from Menelaus, Menelaus called upon his brother chieftains of Greece to fulfil their pledge and join him in his efforts to recover his wife.
1) What type is it? DD/ID
2) Who is speaking?
3) With whom is s/he speaking?
4) What is the message?

10. Narrative Discourse
Let’s practice…
Take out a sheet of size 4.

11. Direct or Indirect Discourse? Groups of 4
Identify what type of Narrative Discourse is in the text.
Write DD if it is Direct Discourse.
Write ID if it is Indirect Discourse.

12. Direct or Indirect Discourse? Groups of 4
The war with Troy continued without decisive results for nine years. Then an event occurred which seemed likely to be fatal to the cause of the Greeks, and that was a quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon. It is at this point that the great poem of Homer, "The Iliad," begins. The Greeks, though unsuccessful against Troy, had taken the neighboring and allied cities, and in the division of the spoil a female captive, Chryseis, daughter of Chryses, priest of Apollo, who had fallen to the share of Agamemnon.

13. Direct or Indirect Discourse? Groups of 4
1) Chryses begged, “Release my daughter,”
2) but Agamemnon refused.
3) Thereupon Chryses implored Apollo to afflict the Greeks till they should be forced to release Chryseis.

14. Direct or Indirect Discourse? Groups of 4
4) Apollo granted the prayer of his priest, and sent pestilence into the Grecian camp.
5) Apollo told Chryses, “your prayers have been granted. The Greeks will be cursed until they release your daughter.”

15. Direct or Indirect Discourse? Groups of 2
Identify what type of Narrative Discourse is in the text.
Write DD if it is Direct Discourse.
Write ID if it is Indirect Discourse.

16. Direct or Indirect Discourse? Groups of 2
1) All the chiefs cried out, “Let us come together in a council and meet so that we may deliberate how to allay the wrath of the gods and avert the plague.”
2) During the council, Achilles boldly charged their misfortunes upon Agamemnon.

17. Direct or Indirect Discourse? Groups of 2
3) Agamemnon, enraged, consented to relinquish his captive, but demanded that Achilles should yield to him in her stead Briseis, a maiden who had fallen to Achilles' share in the division of the spoil.
4) Achilles submitted, but forthwith declared that he would take no further part in the war.
5) He withdrew his forces from the general camp and announced, “I quit. I am going home to Greece.”

18. Direct or Indirect Discourse? Individual Work
Identify what type of Narrative Discourse is in the text.
Write DD if it is Direct Discourse.
Write ID if it is Indirect Discourse.

19. Direct or Indirect Discourse? Individual Work
1) When his prize-slave was taken from him, Achilles, the greatest fighter of the Greeks, refused to fight and stayed in his tent all day.
2) Achilles’ friend, Patroclus, rushed into Achilles' tent and said, “Achilles, I beg of you, return to battle and help us once more.”

20. Direct or Indirect Discourse? Individual Work
3) “I refuse to move a step, but I will allow you, Patroclus, to wear my armor, and, thus disguised, make a last attempt to rally the Greeks and drive back the Trojans.”
4) The news of his friend's death was quickly carried to Achilles.
5) Springing upon the wall that stretched before the camp, he gave a mighty shout, at the sound of which the Trojans fled.

21. Unified Incident The main idea of a narration.
In one sentence, answers the question: “What is happening?”
Usually found in the first sentence of a narrative paragraph.

22. Unified Incident: Group of 4
(A) Being now a part of the undertaking, Odysseus lent his aid to bring in other reluctant chiefs, especially Achilles. (B) Achilles was the son of Thetis at whose marriage the apple of Discord had been thrown among the goddesses. (C) Knowing that her son was fated to perish at Troy if he went on the expedition, Thetis endeavored to prevent his going. (D) She sent him away to the court of King Lycomedes, and induced him to conceal himself in the disguise of a maiden among the daughters of the king. (E) Odysseus, hearing he was there, went disguised as a merchant to the palace and offered for sale female ornaments, as well as some weapons. (F) While the king's daughters were engrossed with the female ornaments, Achilles handled the weapons and thereby revealed himself to the keen eye of Odysseus, who easily persuaded him to disregard his mother's prudent counsels and instead join his countrymen in the war.

23. Unified Incident: Group of 4
(A) The war with Troy continued without decisive results for nine years. (B) Then an event occurred which seemed likely to be fatal to the cause of the Greeks, and that was a quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon. (C) The Greeks, though unsuccessful against Troy, had taken the neighboring and allied cities, and in the division of the spoil a female captive, Chryseis, daughter of Chryses, priest of Apollo, was given to Agamemnon. (D) Chryses begged, “Release my daughter,” but Agamemnon refused. (E) Chryses then implored Apollo to afflict the Greeks till they should be forced to release Chryseis (F) Apollo granted the prayer of his priest, and sent pestilence among the Greek soldiers. (G) A council was then called to deliberate how to allay the wrath of the gods and avert the plague. (H) During the council, Achilles blamed Agamemnon. (I) Agamemnon, enraged, consented to relinquish his captive, but demanded that Achilles should give up Briseis, a maiden who was Achilles' share. (J) Achilles angrily agreed, but then declared that he would take no further part in the war. (K) He withdrew his forces from the general camp and announced his intention of returning home to Greece.

24. Unified Incident Group of 2
(A) The night came when the plan was carried out and the last day of Troy dawned. (B) On the walls the Trojan watchers saw with astonishment two sights, each as startling as the other (C) In front of the Trojan gates stood an enormous figure of a horse, such a thing as no one had ever seen. (D) The noisy Greek camp was hushed; nothing was stirring there. (E) And the ships were gone. (F) Only one conclusion seemed possible: The Greeks had given up. (G) They had sailed for Greece; they had accepted defeat. (H) All Troy exulted. (I) Troy’s long warfare was over! (J) All the people cried in joy and they brought the wooden horse into their city.

25. Unified Incident You are on your own.
(A) Hector had begged for an honorable burial in Troy, but Achilles was determined to humiliate his enemy even in death. (B) In sight of both armies and of Hector's weeping family, Achilles took off his enemy's armor. (C) Achilles then bound the dead body of Hector by his feet to Achilles’ chariot. (D) Achilles then dragged it three times around the city walls. (E) At first, Achilles didn’t want to return Hector’s body to his family, but in the end, he did so.