1. Causes of Misfortune BAD Neutral GOOD Witchcraft and/or Ancestors
“Natural” Causes
Witchcraft
and/or
Sorcery
Ancestors
Misfortune
Ritual Impurity

2. Elements of Medical World Views
Possession
Dance
Sacrifice
Dream
Interpre- tation
Exorcism
Indigenous
Shock
Therapy
Etc
Pharmaco-
therapy
Music
Visible Medical System
Types of Treatment
Therapist Active
The therapist is the active one in treating the illness.
Patient-Active
The patient is the active one in treatment (e.g., believing under the direction of the therapist).
Approaches to Treatment
Physical
Psychosocial
Spiritual
Unseen World View Foundations
Focus for Diagnosis
Herbalist
Magician
Diviner
Medium
Spirit
Less Directly
Spirit-Guided
More Directly
Spirit-Guided
Types of Healers Available
Nature and Types
of Illness
Causation of Illness
Functional/
Relational
Ontological
Focus is on the illness itself; viewed as an entity, being, or thing
Functional/
Relational
Focus is on the person and the illness as a disruption of an equilibrium (internal or social)
Understanding of Illness
Spirit-activated
Physical
Powers