1. Topics Early Archaeplastids – Rhodophytes, Chlorophytes and Bryophytes
Plant Kingdom
Ch. 27 & 28
Topics
Early Archaeplastids – Rhodophytes, Chlorophytes and Bryophytes
Adaptations to terrestrial life
Plant life cycles
Four major plant groups - cladograms

2. Plants ~445 mya (Paleozoic era), plants colonized land
Seedless Plants
Ch. 27. pp
Plants
~445 mya (Paleozoic era), plants colonized land
> 300,000 spp.
Across the Earth
Complex, mostly autotrophic, multicellular organisms, small to huge (duckweeds to sequoias)
Green algae (ancestors) and plants share
Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids
Starch and cellulose
Cell plate during cell division
Alternation of generation
Molecular homology

3. More complex and variable alternation of generation
Seedless Plants
Ch. 27. pp
Major Adaptations
More complex and variable alternation of generation
Gametophyte - Gametangia
Antheredia - sperms
Archegonia - an egg
Sporophyte
Sporogenous
cells - spores

4. Seedless Plants
Ch. 27. pp
Plant Evolution

5. Bryophytes - Nonvascular Plants
Seedless Plants
Ch. 27. pp
Bryophytes - Nonvascular Plants
Most closely related to green algal ancestor (charophyte)
Typically small, require damp regions - no vascular system, roots, stems, leaves
Three groups:
Liverworts (Phylum, Hepaticophyta)
Mosses (Phylum, Bryophyta)
Hornworts (Phylum, Anthocerotophyta)

6. Mosses: Phylum – Bryophyta – many are dioecious, need
Seedless Plants
Ch. 27. pp
Mosses: Phylum – Bryophyta – many are dioecious, need
rain/standing water to complete life cycle

7. Phylum - Rhodophyta
Porphyra – sushi

8. Phylum – Chlorophyta – Chlamydomonas
a single-celled, flagellated green algae

9. Phylum – Chlorophyta – Volvox
zygotes (products of
sexual reproduction
Phylum – Chlorophyta – Volvox
mother colony
daughter colonies
(products of asexual
reproduction)
individual cell

10. Phylum – Chlorophyta
filamentous colony growth form
a single cell

11. Phylum Chlorophyta – Ulva – sea lettuce
a blade-forming colonial green algae

12. Phylum – Bryophyta – Polytrichum sp.

13. Phylum – Hepaticophyta – liverworts

14. Relationship between gametophyte and sporophyte in nonvascular plants (a), seedless vascular plants (b), and seed plants (c)