1. Immigration Irish Roman Catholic
Stayed mostly on Eastern Coast of the United States (seaboard) because they couldn’t afford to move West and buy land.

2. Continued Germans Supported public schools
Left their homeland to escape autocratic leadership (rulers) and economic hardships.
3. Nativism – fear or opposition to open immigration.

3. Industrialization
Eli Whitney – invented the cotton gin which helped continue slavery.
American phase of the Industrial Revolution first blossomed with the textile mills.
Interchangeable parts (basis for modern mass production)

4. Transportation Erie Canal Located in New York (began the canal era)
Forced New England farmers to move or change occupations.

5. Continued 2. Railroads Early railroads were mostly built in the North.
Could be built almost anywhere (an advantage over canals)
3. Steamboats connected the West and South together (Mississippi River).
4. Canals and Railroads connected the East and West together.