1. p. 74

2. pp

3. p. 75

4. Table 3-2, p. 79

5. Naming Organic Molecules
p. 84

6. Table 3-3, p. 80

7. Naming Organic Molecules
p. 84

8. Table 3-4, p. 81

9. Naming Alkyl Groups Some alkanes have nonsystematic, common names
Three-carbon alkyl group
Four-carbon alkyl groups
Five-carbon alkyl groups

10. p. 82

11. Naming Organic Molecules
p. 84

12. Molecular Conformations
p. 84

13. Molecular Conformations
Ethane

14. Newman Projections
Melvin Spencer Newman

15. Molecular Conformations
Dihedral angle

16. Figure 3.7
A graph of potential energy versus bond rotation in ethane. The staggered conformers are 12 kJ/mol lower in energy than the eclipsed conformers.
Fig. 3-7, p. 92

17. Hyperconjugation in Ethane
s*-antibonding orbital
s-bonding orbital

18. Overlap= 0.173
Overlap= 0.087

19. Molecular Conformations
Propane

20. Molecular Conformations
Butane

21. Figure 3.9
A plot of potential energy versus rotation for the C2–C3 bond in butane. The energy maximum occurs when the two methyl groups eclipse each other, and the energy minimum occurs when the two methyl groups are 180° apart (anti). Go to this book’s student companion site at to explore an interactive version of this figure.
Fig. 3-9, p. 95

22. End

23. Table 3-5, p. 95

24. Lineolic Acid
A polyunsaturated fat

25. p. 78

26. Figure 3.3
Alkyl groups generated from straight-chain alkanes.
Fig. 3-3, p. 82

27. Figure 3.3
Alkyl groups generated from straight-chain alkanes.
Fig. 3-3a, p. 82

28. Figure 3.3
Alkyl groups generated from straight-chain alkanes.
Fig. 3-3b, p. 82

32. Figure 3.8
Newman projections of propane showing staggered and eclipsed conformations. The staggered conformer is lower in energy by 14 kJ/mol.
Fig. 3-8, p. 93

33. p. 93

34. p. 94

35. p. 94

36. p. 92