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Topic 10 Nervous System Basics
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Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
Divisions of the N.S. Central Nervous System Processes & stimulates Peripheral Nervous System Nerves Three Functions: Sensory Integrative (associational) Motor Accelerator or inhibitory
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11.1
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Descriptive parts & terminology
11.2.1
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Other terms: Synapse Neurotransmitters Nerve vs neuron Impulse
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Anaxonic Brain & some senses Bipolar From sense organs
Neuron classification Anaxonic Brain & some senses Bipolar From sense organs 11.3+
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Unipolar Most sensory neurons Long Multipolar In CNS Interneuron & Motor
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11.3+
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Schwann cells Neuroglia PNS Stabilizes Shields from… Neurilemma
Myelination Lipid membrane sheath Internode 11.5(1-3)
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Distal end deteriorates WBC Schwann cells proliferate
Schwann cells assist in repair Injury Distal end deteriorates WBC Schwann cells proliferate Nerve Growth Factor 11.5.4
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Cuboidal/columnar cells Between interstitial fluid & CSF
Neuroglia classification Ependymal cells Cuboidal/columnar cells Between interstitial fluid & CSF Produce, monitor, circulate 11.4
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Microglia Structural support Phagocytic
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Astrocytes Blood-brain barrier…transport Structure
Induces synapse formation Mops up excess…
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Oligodendrocytes Structure Myelin sheath
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Satellite cells Supports ganglia Regulate environment
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Resting potential- potential for electrical work
11.7.2
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Electrochemical gradient More permeable to K+
11.7.3
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11.7.3
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Opens only with specific chemical Ex. ACh at NMJ
Types of Gated Channels Opens only with specific chemical Ex. ACh at NMJ Dendrites & cell bodies 11.8.1
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Membrane capable of conducting action potentials
Stimulated by change in potential Ex. Na+, K+, Ca+2 gated channels 11.8.2
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Distortion of membrane surface Ex. Sensory receptors
11.8.3
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11.9(1-3)
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All-or-None Response Will respond or not at all Stimulus may become more frequent
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Refractory Period Immediately following an action potential, the membrane can not be triggered by a threshold stimulus.
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Impulse conduction Like dominos Unmyelinated Slower .
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Impulse conduction Myelinated Faster Diameter α speed
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Synapse terms 11.2.2
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11.2.3
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Transmission .
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Excitatory or inhibitory Ex.
Neurotransmitters Excitatory or inhibitory Ex. ACh Serotonin Endorphins Dopamines
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Neuronal pools… Convergence Collects/process Divergence
Impulse processing Neuronal pools… Convergence Collects/process Divergence Amplifies impulse
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