4. Algorithm: Word comes from Arabic
Author Abū ‘Abdallāh Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
Algorism
Algebra: Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala (The Compendious Book on Calculation and Balancing)
Word “Algorithm” appeared in the English dictionaries in 70s
Informal Definition: Sequence of computational steps that transform the input into output
Technically:
Finite set of instructions
Accomplishes a particular task

5. Program: Data Structures:
Sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task for a computer
Implementation of an algorithm in a programming language
Data Structures:
A particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently
Way to organize data so that we can use it effectively to solve a problem
Arrays
Lists
Stacks
Queues

7. Criteria to satisfy (Computer Science):
Input : Zero or more quantities
Output : At least one
Definiteness : Clear & Unambiguous instructions
Finiteness : Must terminate after a finite number of steps
Effectiveness : Every instruction must be feasible
Specification of Input (Example ): All 2-digit even numbers
Multiple algorithms for the same problem
Input
Algorithm
Output

20. Program: Data Structures:
Sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task for a computer
Implementation of an algorithm in a programming language
Data Structures:
A particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently
Way to organize data so that we can use it effectively to solve a problem
Arrays
Lists
Stacks
Queues