1. Water and Climate
Science 10

2. Did You Know?
Every drop of seawater contains approximately 1 billion gold atoms.
The average person can live 11 days without water.
Lack of water is the #1 trigger of daytime fatigue.
A mere 2% drop in body water can trigger fuzzy short-term memory, trouble with basic math, and difficulty focusing on the computer screen.

3. Did You Know?
While global warming will cause desertification in many parts of the world, it may also cause much of Europe to become so cold it would be uninhabitable.
Northern Europe is currently warmed by the North Atlantic Drift - the continuation of the Gulf Stream, which wraps around Ireland and Scandinavia.

4. Did You Know?
This current is fed by heavy, high-salinity water sinking in the arctic, because of the freezing of sea water to form ice in the winter (when salt water freezes, the salt ions are forced out, which is why sea ice melts into fresh water!).
If more sea ice melts due to higher average temperatures, the salinity of the surface water will be raised to the point where it will no longer sink, and thus no longer feed the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Drift.
If this occurs, Europe will no longer be indirectly warmed by the heat of the Caribbean sun, and it will be chilled to the point where another ice age is possible in the northern parts

5. Water’s Wacky Properties
High Specific Heat Capacity
High Heats of Fusion and Vaporization
High boiling and melting points
Adhesive and cohesive properties
Ice is less dense than water
High surface tension

6. Why?
Water’s unique structure
Polarity
Hydrogen bonds

7. Water’s Bonds

8. The Water Cycle

9. The Water Cycle A means of transferring energy around the biosphere
As water’s bonds break and reform, energy is absorbed /released to the surrounding air, influencing the climate

10. Ocean Currents

11. Ocean Currents
Warm ocean currents will warm the air around them (eg. Britain)
Cool ocean currents will cool the air around them (eg. Nova Scotia)

12. Ocean Currents

13. El Nino

14. El Nino Occurs when ocean currents off the coast of South America warm
Causes trade winds to weaken
Results in world-wide climate differences

15. La Nina

16. La Nina Occurs when ocean currents off the coast of South America cool
Causes trade winds to strengthen
Results in world-wide climate differences

17. Global Wind Patterns

18. Global Wind Patterns

19. Global Wind Patterns At the equator, warm air rises (less dense)
Cooler air must move in to fill this gap.
This movement of cooler air towards the equator cause northeast and southeast trade winds.

20. Global Wind Patterns
In the temperate zone, cool dry air descends creating the westerlies.
At the poles, sinking cool air is pushed east causing easterlies.

21. Coriolis Effect

22. Coriolis Effect

23. Coriolis Effect

24. Sea Breeze

25. Land Breeze

26. Time to Get to Work! Read pages 372-374
Complete questions # 1, 3, 7 (pg 374)
Read pages
Complete questions # 1-4 (pg 396)