1. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
This presentation will probably involve audience discussion, which will create action items. Use PowerPoint to keep track of these action items during your presentation
In Slide Show, click on the right mouse button
Select “Meeting Minder”
Select the “Action Items” tab
Type in action items as they come up
Click OK to dismiss this box
This will automatically create an Action Item slide at the end of your presentation with your points entered.
The Development of a New Telecommunications Policy Framework for a Knowledge Society
Zonia Samuel Adrabo
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

2. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
Executive Summary
Background & Introduction
Literature Review
Theories, Models & Methods
Research Methodology
Research Philosophy
Theory-building empirical research
Policy Research
Research Technique(s)
Delphi Technique (3 Rounds)
SAIS-2001 Secondary Data Analysis
Initial Findings
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

3. Background & Introduction
Developments in Telecommunications Technology and Industry
Growth in PSTN, GSM & CDMA, Satellite,
Telecommunications Policy vs. Public Policy Formulation Process
Information Society, Knowledge Society & Globalisation
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

4. Theories on Policy Process ~ 1
The Democratic Theory - Boeringer
The Pluralist Theory – Boeringer
The Corporatist Theory – Bramans
- Masco
The Political Economy Theory – Marxist approaches
A) Instrumentalists
B) Structuralists
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

5. Theories on Policy Process ~2
Realism/Realpolitik (German origin)
– Viotti, Zacher and Sutton
Integration (Pluralism and interdependence)
Masco
World System theory
Wallerstein
Legal Framework for Policy Making
3 tier government of SA and judicial system in SA and Uganda
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

6. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
Models & Methods ~ 1
The Rational-Comprehensive model
The incremental model
The Mixed-scanning model
The Elite/mass model
The Group model “ Toyi-Toyi”
The Institutional model
The social interaction model
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

7. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
Models & Methods ~ 2
The Systems model
Policy network and community model
Chaos, Complexity and Quantum models
Functional policy stages/phases
Other models
Vibration Resonance Mathematical Model:
Symbolic models use mathematical symbols to describe the relationship among variables associated with a specific issue
Procedural models use elementary methods to stimulate relationships between variables
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

8. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
Research Methodology
Research Problem:
Telecommunication Policy has mostly been formulated with political ambitions rather than focus on technology and services the adopted technology can provide.
The main objective of the research is therefore to develop a framework for the development of telecommunications policy with specific reference to technology use for the purpose of fulfilling the needs of a knowledge society
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

9. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
Research Questions
What level of usage of the information and communications technologies determine whether one is in information or knowledge society?
What innovative activities in telecommunications influence the adoption of information and communication technonologies?
How can we formulate appropriate policies within the socio-political and economic dimensions to satisfy all the parties involved in the telecommunications industry?
What Telecommunication policy issues offer the best services to an emerging Knowledge Society?
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

10. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
Research Objectives
To establish what level of ICT usage determines Information Society or Knowledge Society
To establish the technological, social, economic and political factors affecting innovation in telecommunications policy processes.
To do a Policy Analysis of the existing telecommunications policy processes and propose ways of improving them.
To develop a new framework using concepts, models, theories for the formulation of a telecommunications policy for an emerging knowledge society.
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

11. Research Hypothesis & Propositions
Proposition 1: Information Society and Knowledge Society are based on the extend and use of ICT's respectively which in turn is a consequence of innovation
Hypothesis 1: The availability and usage of ICTs determine whether or not a society can be classified as an Information Society or Knowledge Society
Proposition 2: Telecommunications Policy Formulation is affected by technological, economic, social and political factors
Hypothesis 2: Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors have a direct effect on Telecommunications Policy formulation
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

12. Research Hypothesis & Propositions
Proposition 3: The two drivers of the technological innovations in Telecommunications are Universal Service and Quality of Service
Hypothesis 3: Universal Service Obligation and Quality of Service drive the development of Telecommunications Technology.
Proposition 4: Existing Telecommunications Policies need improvement to catch up with innovations in Telecommunications Technology.
Hypothesis 4: In an emerging knowledge society, telecommunications policy and regulatory institutions require a more robust framework in order to match innovations in Telecommunications Technology.
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

13. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
Research Philosophy
*Theory-building empirical research
Policy research:
is multidimensional in focus:
b)  uses an empirico-inductive research orientation
c)   incorporates the future as well as the past
d) responds to study users or stake-holders
e) explicitly incorporates values
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

14. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
The Delphi Technique
The Delphi Technique begins with an open-ended questionnaire that is given to a panel of selected experts to solicit specific information about a subject or content area. In subsequent rounds of the procedure, participants rate the relative importance of individual items and also make changes to the phrasing or substance of the items. Through a series of rounds (typically three), the process is designed to yield consensus.
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

15. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
Research Instrument
Delphi Survey Questionnaire constructed in 4 sections:
Key Characteristics of Information and Knowledge Society
Key Technologies for Information and Knowledge Society
Key Issues in Telecommunications Policy Formulation Process
Key Models and Methods for Policy improvement
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

16. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
Research Procedure
Selection of Participants
Sample Size (30 = 10 from S Africa; 10 from Uganda & 10 from USA & Europe)
Data gathering procedure
Data analysis
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

17. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
Initial Findings
The conceptual model of the key attributes of the desired telecommunications policy framework shall consist of three major components: 1) focused conceptualisation or context; 2) well-defined policy process; 3) built-in capacity for improvement
Contextualisation: Specifically defined nature and role; Concepts, theories and models; Historical development and current status
Policy Process: Problem statement or agenda-setting; Design & Development; Decision-making or choice of alternatives; Implementation or operational deployment; Project Management; Assessment or Evaluation
Capacity building for policy improvement =Innovation: Institutionalisation; Policy analysis and management; Further research and Training.
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria

18. Policy Improvement Framework
Policy Process
Contextualisation
Capacity-building

19. Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria
THANK YOU!
4/25/2019
Zonia Samuel Adrabo PhD candidate University of Pretoria