1. Warm-Up (41L) Where/how is most of the work in Congress done?
What is a bill? (this term is in your vocabulary)
What is a law you would like to see passed that would have some influence upon your life? Explain why you would want such a law to be passed.

2. From Bill to Law

3. Bills Congress Considers
Private bills; deal with individual people/ places
Ex: veterans’ benefits
Public bills: apply to entire nation
Involve general matters
Ex: taxation; health care; social security
“I’m Just a Bill” – record steps you hear underneath your warm up
I’m just a Bill

4. Remember that a bill has to be passed by BOTH CHAMBERS of Congress BEFORE it gets to the President.

5. Idea Originates Citizens Special-interest groups Members of Congress
President, Governor

6. Bill is Introduced
Introduced in EITHER chamber by a Senator or a Representative
Given title (S.1 or H.R.1)
EXCEPTION: revenue bills (appropriation bills) can ONLY begin in HoR

7. To Committee
Bill sent to appropriate standing committee (assigned by Speaker or President Pro Tem)
Committee Actions – Possibilities
a) Bill is passed with no changes (released)
b) Bill is released with changes
c) Bill is ignored and let die (pigeonholing/tabling)
d) Bill is killed outright by majority vote within committee

8. Bill Released Onto the Floor
If comes out of committee, must go on chamber’s calendar!
HoR: House Rules Committee controls schedule (when bills will be heard)
Senate: discusses bills in order they’re released

9. Discussion House HRC decides rules for debate
Usually puts time limits on discussion
Senate (smaller…. Fewer rules)
No limits on debate
Filibuster: talk a bill to death
Only ended by cloture vote of 3/5 of Senate
Filibuster video – Mr Smith Goes to Washington
Patton Oswalt’s Parks & Recs Star Wars Filibuster

10. Proposed Changes
House
Any amendments to bill must be relevant to the bill
Senate
Amendments to bill can be unrelated (“rider”)
Voting on the Bill
Need SIMPLE MAJORITY to pass in either chamber (more than ½

11. To the other side!
If a bill passes one chamber, it is sent to the other chamber
REMEMBER, bill has to pass BOTH sides to get to the President!
If either the HoR or Senate rejects a bill, it dies

12. Conference Committee
Made up equal number of Senators & Representatives, who work to reach compromise bill
They come up with one and send bill back to HoR & Senate – can either approve or reject it (no amendments; usually approved)

13. President Sign bill Veto
Congress can override veto with 2/3 vote of BOTH houses
Ignore (has 10 days to act)
If Congress in session, bill becomes law anyway w/o Prez’s signature
If Congress NOT in session, bill does NOT become law (aka a POCKET VETO)

14. Reflection – 41L (under w-u/Bill to Law steps)
Fact: About 5,000 bills are introduced in Congress every year, but only about 150 are signed into law.
Explain why so few bills become law. Do you think that’s a good thing or a bad thing?
Should the legislative process in Congress be reformed? If yes, what changes would you recommend? If not, why not?