1. Evaluation of Epicardial Microwave Ablation Lesions: Histology Versus Electrophysiology 
Thomas J. van Brakel, MD, Gil Bolotin, MD, PhD, Kenneth J. Salleng, DVM, L.Wiley Nifong, MD, Maurits A. Allessie, MD, PhD, W.Randolph Chitwood, MD, Jos G. Maessen, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 78, Issue 4, Pages (October 2004)
DOI: /j.athoracsur

2. Fig 1
Schematic view of the left and right atrium (LA and RA) with the pulmonary veins (PV's) and the superior and inferior caval veins (SVC and IVC). The gray stars indicate the placement of the pacing and sensing electrodes. The arrow indicates the atrial septum. The ablation lesion around the PVs is presented by the thick circle.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )

3. Fig 2
The upper panel shows a typical example of online pacing from the pulmonary veins (PV) with conduction to the right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA). The middle panel depicts pacing from the PV with capture inside the box without conduction to the RA and LA. The lower panel shows confirmation of entrance block in the same box lesion by pacing from the right atrium without capture inside the box. (I = electrocardiogram lead I.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )

4. Fig 3
(Left) Macroscopic view of a circumferential section though the ablation lesion, showing normal myocytes red and degenerate or dead myocytes blue (stained with Gomori's trichrome). (Right) The plane of the section (B) through the lesion (A).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )

5. Fig 4
Microscopic image of subendothelial fibrosis. (Hematoxylin & eosin, ×10.) This section is from a chronic lesion and shows extensive subendothelial, endocardial, and myocardial fibrosis (top three fourths of section). The adjacent myocardium varies from degenerated myocardium and from islands of normal tissue.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )