1. AMO Early Science Capability
AMO will be first experiment LCLS
Planning for commissioning / first experiments in August 2009
Adaptable to reality of source performance – i.e. planning for FEL and spontaneous source
Currently in final design phase (>50% of drawings complete)

2. Scientific Goals of AMO Program
Investigate multiphoton and high-field x-ray processes in atoms, molecules and clusters
Multi-photon ionization/excitation in atoms/molecules/clusters
Accessible intensity on verge of high-field regime
Study time-resolved phenomena in atoms, molecules and clusters using ultrafast x-rays
Inner-shell side band experiments
Photoionization of aligned molecules
Temporal evolution of state-prepared systems

3. AMO studies fundamental interactions
Through years of investigation, we have a pretty good idea what happens when we hit an atom with an x-ray?
Consider Ne atoms and ~1keV photons
Photoabsorption
Photoelectron
Auger
fluorescence

4. LCLS
What happens when we illuminate atoms with high peak power of LCLS? ??
Multiple ionization
Multiphoton ionization
Tunneling ionization
Subsequent de-excitation dynamics

5. AMO Instrumentation
Pulse Picker
Focusing optics
High Field Physics Experiment
Diagnostics
Synchronized pulsed laser

6. AMO Instrumentation - Schematic

7. What’s there July 2009? Focusing Optics High Field Physics Chamber
Pulsed gas jet
Ion TOF (Wiley McLaren type)
Electron TOFs
Diagnostics
Effusive gas jet
Magnetic bottle TOF
Beam screens
Synchronized Laser

8. And what’s commissioned later ?
Pulse picker (12/09)
High Field Physics Chamber
Velocity map imaging ion spectrometer (10/09)
Momentum resolving ion spectrometer (reaction microscope/ColTRIMS) (2/10)
X-ray spectrometers (1/10)
Diagnostics
Pulse energy monitor (11/09)

9. A little more detail – focusing optics
Built by LBNL as a full assembly
Focus in experimental chamber or diagnostics
Focus beam to ~ 1um diameter

10. AMO Design – focusing optics
Peak intensity depends on size of beam focus – accessible physics depends on intensity
Focus
W/cm2
1mm
7×1012
100μm
7×1014
10 μm
7×1016
1 μm
7×1018
100nm
7×1020
LBNL mirror bender design

11. Ne charge state vs Intensity
Rohringer & Santra, PRA 76, (2007)

12. Probable Ne Charge State with hv
Rohringer & Santra, PRA 76, (2007)

13. AMO Interaction region
Five electron spectrometers & one ion spectrometer

14. Xe ions as function of irradiance
Focused 93 eV photons to 2.6um into ambient Xe
Collected ion signal by ion TOF
A.A. Sorokin et al., PRL 99, (2007)

15. Multiphoton Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Recent measurements of electrons from Ar clusters at FLASH show that direct multistep ionization of cluster creates higher charge states with short l radiation (38.5 eV)
C. Bostedt, et al., PRL 100, (2008).

16. Diagnostics - Magnetic Bottle
Magnetic Bottle being designed (and possibly built) by Ohio State University under contract with Louis DiMauro
Very high electron collection efficiency (~2p)
Useful as a measure of LCLS spectrum by converting hn to electron KE
Also unique experimental capability

17. Pulse Compressor (Single Grating)
Experiment
Chambers
Optical Transport
Harmonics
Pulse Compressor (Single Grating)
Pulse Cleaner
Regenerative Amplifier
1kHz, <5 mJ
30W Nd:YLF Pump 527nm 1.2 kHz
30 fs Mode Locked 800 nm
5 W Nd:YVO4
Pulse Stretcher
30 fs Bandwidth
Laser Hall
Hutch 2
NEH Laser

18. Diagnostic - Temporal Resolution
Two photons of different energy in interaction region at same time can result in multiphoton ionization (i.e. FLASH FEL & laser)
Phenomenon provides a means to measure temporal overlap of two pulses – i.e. providing measure of temporal overlap between LCLS & laser
Measured relative jitter between two beams of 250fs using Xe 5p photoionization
P. Radcliffe et al, APL, 90, , 2007.

19. ISMS for the AMO Instrument
Define scope of work
Using LCLS design review process - documentation and reviews
Analyze hazards
Working with SLAC safety experts
Prepared Preliminary Hazards Assessment Document (PHAD) for AMO instrument
Develop and implement hazard controls
With advice and review by SLAC safety committees
Build the instrumentation
Re-analyze hazards

20. Unique Hazards Identified for AMO
High pressure gas bottles (samples) connected to vacuum chamber
Health hazard gases will be used in some experiments
High power laser system with multiple wavelengths
High magnetic field in magnetic bottle spectrometer
Numerous high voltage supplies

21. The Path Forward Preliminary Design Review Completed
Finish detailing high field physics chamber, diagnostics
Finalize Design & Review – June 08
Procurement phase – Jul-Dec 08
Assembly & Testing – Jan-Jun 09
Readiness review – July 09
Ready for first light – July 09
Thanks - lots of help from engineering, controls, etc.

22. Commissioning vs First Experiments
First experiments need only some of the instrumentation’s capability
i.e. with focusing optics, gas jet & ion spectrometer could do multiphoton ionization expt.
OR with magnetic bottle & laser could study temporal overlap with LCLS – (may even be possible without lasing)
Managing commissioning vs experiment – pressure for both !!

23. The End
AMO Proposal Study Workshop – June 2-3, SLAC