1. Can you think of any temperature patterns on Earth?1

2. The sun is constantly releasing energy in all directions
The sun is constantly releasing energy in all directions. This energy is known as solar radiation.
What is insolation?
Space
The atmosphere
Solar radiation
In order to have a better understanding of the issue of global warming, we have to know more about insolation.
Insolation -
Solar radiation that is received in the atmosphere or on the earth’s surface.
Incoming solar radiation.
Insolation
Earth’s surface
Earth’s surface

4. (ozone) .

5. Most shortwave radiation is absorbed by are atmosphere (ozone).
What prevents the re-radiated long-waves, like infrared radiation (heat) from escaping?
Greenhouse Gases

6. Factors affecting insolation received on the earth’s surface
What factors affect insolation received on the earth’s surface?
Factors affecting insolation received on the earth’s surface
Angle of the sun
Duration of daylight
The atmosphere
Latitude
Time of day / rotation
Season
(tilt / revolution)

7. How does the angle of the sun affect the intensity of insolation?
The angle of the sun refers to the angle at which sunlight strikes the earth’s surface.
When the sun is directly overhead, or when the angle of the sun is 90°, it is known as the overhead sun.
Overhead sun
Area A
Area B
Angle of the sun
Area to warm up
Intensity of insolation
How does the angle of the sun affect the intensity of insolation?
90° / Right angle
< 90°
Smaller
Larger
High / More intense
Low / Less intense

8. Angle of Sun at different latitudes – Do you see a pattern?
Direct insolation (high angle 90°) is absorbed more and indirect (low angle) <30°) is reflected.

9. Is insolation evenly distributed on the earth?-
Less insolation
More insolation +
Average annual insolation over the earth’s surface
In general, insolation received ( decreases / increases ) with increasing latitude.
The distribution of insolation on the earth’s surface is ( even / uneven ).

10. Is insolation evenly distributed on the earth?
Why does insolation vary with latitudes?
Average annual insolation over the earth’s surface
The areas around _______ N and S latitude receive the highest value of insolation.
Which areas receive the highest value of insolation?

11. Maximum insolation received Maximum insolation received

12. Insolation is reflected by clouds
Why does the maximum insolation received occur at around 23 1/2 N and S but not at the Equator?
The climate is drier and there is less cloud cover at around
N and S. The earth’s surface receives more insolation, so the amount of insolation is greatest here.
Space
The atmosphere
Insolation is reflected by clouds
Dense cloud cover
Less cloud cover
Less cloud cover
The amount of cloud cover in the equatorial regions is high. Much of the solar radiation is reflected by clouds. This may reduce the amount of insolation reaching the earth’s surface. S 0° N

13. Earth’s Tilt and Rotation around the sun affect the amount of insolation that Earth, this creates seasonal changes.

14. What does Kepler’s Law have to do with this?
Does it have much of an impact on Earth?

15. Duration of daylight changes based on the seasons and latitude
Equator
Equator

16. The amount of insolation received in a 24 hour period
Describe what is happening at 10am?

17. Fun Fact: Insolation can be scattered by gases and aerosols (pollutants), example - oxygen scatters the blue portion of visible light making the sky appear blue, aerosols and other gases cause sunsets.

18. Nature of Earth’s surface
- The earth’s surface is made of different materials and the insolation received reacts differently because of texture and color.