1. Figures adapted from the TIEDI Analytical Report #6: Labour outcomes of immigrants by English and French language skills Report available at:

2. License:
There are no cost to use the figures included in this file. We ask however that you acknowledge TIEDI and use the figures for non-commercial purposes only.
For comments or questions, contact the TIEDI Principal Investigator, Dr Philip Kelly or the TIEDI Project Coordinator, Maryse Lemoine

3. Note: N has been weighted to reflect the population of immigrants included in the survey.

4. Immigrants with better skills in English or French were more likely to see their participation rate increase over time, but differences across groups are minimal.

5. Immigrant women fare worse than their male counterparts, both over time and across language skills, in all measured labour market outcomes.
Immigrant women speaking English or French very well or fluently have labour outcomes much closer to those of men of comparable language skills than immigrant women with poorer language skills.
Speaking English or French very well or fluently narrowed the gender gap in terms of participation rates, unemployment rates, duration of jobless spells and relevance of main job

6. Language skills did not seem to have an impact on the average number of months taken to find the first job in Canada.
But note significant gender differences.

7. There are significant differences between language skills when it comes to average hourly wages and income per household member 4 years after landing. Better language skills lead to higher wages.

8. Household income was higher for households where the respondent has better language skills.
Note: These figures can be affected by the number and language skills of family members.

9. There are substantial differences in the relevance of immigrants’ work to their field of study or training, both over time and across language skills.
Less than 1 in 5 immigrant with poor language skill worked in their field of study, a much lower proportion than for other groups.

10. There are substantial differences in workplace ethnic composition, both over time and across language skills.
Ethnic composition was rated on a scale of 1 to 8, 1 means that no one else at the workplace is of the same ethnic or cultural group as the respondent, while 8 means that the entire workplace is of the same ethnic or cultural group as the respondent
Note that 4.5 is the middle value, above which the respondent is working with a majority of his/her own ethnicity.
After 2 years, those with low worked with a majority of the same ethnicity, while other groups did not.
After 4 years, all respondents are working with fewer people of the same ethnicity, in all cases below a majority.