1. Improving Instructional Effectiveness

2. Characteristics of a Quality Lesson
An effective learning environment offers a set of instructional behaviors that occur regularly
High percentage of time with students engaged in appropriate learning opportunities
Success-oriented learning atmosphere
Clear objective and high rates of feedback provided
Regular monitoring of student progress
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3. Characteristics of a Quality Lesson
Low management time and efficient transitions
Wait time for students is limited
High, realistic student expectations are set
Enthusiasm and active involvement are demonstrated by the teacher
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4. Characteristics of a Quality Lesson
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5. Incorporate Essential Elements of Instruction
Design measurable student outcomes
Gives a lesson meaning and direction
Outcomes define observable behavior
Identifies the content to be learned
Outcomes for the three learning domains
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6. Incorporate Essential Elements of Instruction
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7. Essential Elements of Instruction
Determine the instructional entry level
"At what skill level do I begin instruction?"
Select an outcome just beyond the grasp of the most skilled student
Let students choose the entry level they feel is best
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8. Essential Elements of Instruction
Use anticipatory set
Focus students on upcoming instructional concept and segue to the next portion of the lesson
"Mentally warm-up" a class
Tell students the desired outcome
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9. Essential Elements of Instruction
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10. Essential Elements of Instruction
Deliver meaningful skill instruction
Limit to 1–2 key points
Refrain from lengthy descriptions
Present information in its basic form
Separate the management and instructional episodes
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11. Deliver Meaningful Skill Instruction
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12. Essential Elements of Instruction
Monitor student performance
Ensures students stay on task
Locate yourself where eye contact can be made with all students
Be unpredictable in moving around the teaching area
Instructional movement should be planned
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13. Essential Elements of Instruction
Use instructional cues
Short, descriptive phrases
Precise and accurate
Guide learners and enhance learning
Make it easier for student to remember
Focus learners on correct skill technique
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14. Essential Elements of Instruction
Use short, action-oriented cues
Present only a few cues
Keep them short, use keywords
Do they communicate the skill as a whole?
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15. Essential Elements of Instruction
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16. Essential Elements of Instruction
Use students to correctly demonstrate skills
Bring original ideas into the lesson
Help build children's self-esteem
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17. Essential Elements of Instruction
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18. Essential Elements of Instruction
Check for understanding to monitor progress
Use hand signals
Ask questions
Direct a check to the whole class
Use peer-checking methods
Use tests and written feedback
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19. Essential Elements of Instruction
Bring closure
Time to review learning
Discussion of skills and knowledge learned through practice
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20. Instructional Feedback
Enhances students' self-concept
Improves focus of performance
Increases on-task behavior
Improves understanding
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21. Instructional Feedback
Types of Feedback
Positive (general or specific)
Corrective (general or specific)
Negative
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22. Instructional Feedback
Meaningful Feedback
Avoid habitual feedback
Add specific information
Distribution of Feedback
To all students evenly
Distribute feedback systematically
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23. Instructional Feedback
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24. Instructional Feedback
Effective Feedback
Positive
Focused
Immediate
Nonverbal Feedback
Easily interpreted
Practice giving nonverbal feedback
Videotape or practice in front of a mirror
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25. Deliver Nonverbal Feedback
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26. Consider Students' Personal Needs
Understand the diversity of the class
Encourage student creativity
Allow students to make educational decisions
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27. Consider Students' Personal Needs
Teach for diversity
Four variables of diversity
Race/ethnicity
Social class
Gender
Ability
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28. Consider Students' Personal Needs
How to teach and value diversity
Learn about cultural similarities and differences
Know that people share common values, customs, and beliefs from similar cultures
Help make children aware of acts of discrimination
Help develop pride in family culture
Learn to communicate with other cultures as well as genders and races
Respect all people
Integrate multicultural activities into the curriculum
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29. Diversity and Gender Issues
Gender differences
Teachers tend to treat boys and girls differently
Teachers give boys more praise for achievement
Teachers call on girls less often
Aggression is tolerated more in boys
Boys are reprimanded more
Disruptive talking is tolerated more in girls
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30. Diversity and Gender Issues
Minimize gender stereotyping
Reinforce performance of all students
Provide activities that lead to success for all
Design programs for coeducational success
Avoid stereotypical comments
Include activities that cut across typical gender stereotypes
Arrange activities so that the more aggressive and skilled do not dominate
Provide for more practice for all students
Expect boys and girls to perform equally
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31. Decision-Making Opportunities
Creative opportunities allow students to learn the consequences of decisions
Allow students to make educational decisions
Limit the number of choices
Let students modify activities
Offer open-ended tasks
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32. Decision-Making Opportunities
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33. Develop Positive Affective Skills
PE offers an opportunity to develop positive attitudes and values
Students have to sense that a teacher cares
Teacher's attitude fosters positive feeling toward activity
Attitudes and values can be shaped by how the teacher and peers treat the activities
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34. Personalize Instruction
Tasks modified so all students find success
Modify the conditions
Use self-competition
Offer different task challenges
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35. Employ Effective Communication Skills
Focus on specific behavior, rather than general comments
Understand child's point of view
Identify your feelings about the learner
Accentuate the positive
Avoid giving sermons
Conduct lengthy discussions in a classroom
Respect student opinion
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36. Be an Effective Listener
Be an active listener
Listen to the hidden message
Paraphrase what the student said
Let students know you value listening
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37. Be An Active Listener
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38. Promote intrinsic motivation inside and outside the gym
Motivating Students
Promote intrinsic motivation inside and outside the gym
Students will view their physical education experiences more positively
Students are more likely to be physically active for a lifetime
Apply P.R.A.I.S.E. to lay the foundation for continuing physical activity
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39. P.R.A.I.S.E.
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