1. Present Perfect Tense

2. The present perfect tense refers to actions and events that happened some time in the past and continues to be true in the present.
Examples:
He told me the number but I’ve forgotten about it.
=I can’t remember it now.
John has lost his wallet.
=He lost it and he does not have it now.

3. Formation of Present Perfect Tense:
Person
Subject
To be
Past Participle
Singular
first person I
have
done
second person
You
third person
He/She/It
has
Plural We
They

4. Examples of Past Participle:
Infinitive Verb
Past Participle
put
run
break
broken do
done
laugh
laughed
play
played

5. The Positive Form
 Subject + has/have + Past Participle
Example:
 I have finished my homework.

6. The Negative Form
Subject + has/have + not + Past Participle
Example:
 Paul has not finished his homework.

7. The Question Form
Has/Have + Subject + Past Participle
Example:
Has Mary broken the vase?

8. The Question Form
Question Word + has/have + Subject + Past Participle
Example:
What have you brought for Ella’s birthday?

9. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and continues to be true in the present.
Example:
The thief has stolen my wallet.

10. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that has just completed recently.
Example:
I have finished my homework.

11. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an experience.
Example:
Mary has seen a polar bear before.

12. The use of ‘already’ and ‘yet’ as adverbs in sentences in the present perfect tense.
‘Already’ is used in positive statement to emphasise that something has completed before now.
Example:
They have already finished their meeting.

13. The use of ‘already’ and ‘yet’ as adverbs in sentences in the present perfect tense.
‘Yet’ is used in negative statement to emphasise that something has not happened. It is also used in questions.
Example:
Have you cooked the potato yet?
No, I haven’t cooked the potato yet.

14. The use of ‘for’ and ‘since’ with present perfect tense to show how long an action lasted.
‘For’ is used to show the length of the period.
Example:
Kitty has been broken her arm for three weeks.

15. The use of ‘for’ and ‘since’ with present perfect tense to show how long an action lasted.
‘Since’ is used to show the starting time of an action or an event.
Example:
She has fallen asleep since two o’clock.

16. The use of ‘ever’ and ‘never’ with present perfect tense to talk about general experience.
‘Ever’ is used in questions, meaning ‘at any time up to now’.
Example:
Have you ever been to Japan?

17. The use of ‘ever’ and ‘never’ with present perfect tense to talk about general experience.
 ‘Never’ is used in statements, meaning ‘at no time’.
Example:
I have never watched this film before.

18. Exercise:
Paul _____________ some books from the library. (borrow)
______ you ______ my ring on the table? (see)
We ____________ in the hotel for four days. (stay)
Mum ___________________ her dinner. (already finish)
Mabel and Jim ____________ that hill before. (climb)
I _________ the presents in my drawer since February. (keep)
has borrowed
Have
seen
have stayed
has already finished
have climbed
have kept