1. Innovation for Life The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
Mark S. Allen, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 102, Issue 5, Pages (November 2016)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1 Thomas Watson, IBM Chief Executive Officer.
(Reproduced with permission from IBM/Copyright Karsh.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2 Gibbon IBM heart-lung machine.
(Reproduced with permission from Thomas Jefferson University, Archives & Special Collections.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
First page of the operative notes from Gibbon’s first successful use of the heart-lung machine.
(Reproduced with permission from Drs Fred Weber and Randy Chitwood.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4 Earl Bakken, founder of the Medtronic Company.
(Reproduced with permission from Medtronic.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Metronome circuit that Earl Bakken “associated” with and came up with the pacemaker.
(Reproduced with permission from Medtronic.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

7. Fig 6
Early version of the pacemaker that was a new innovation by Earl Bakken.
(Reproduced with permission from Medtronic.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

8. Mark S. Allen, MD
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions