1. The Texas Revolution (Sec. 2)
Main idea:
Conflicts between American settlers and the government of Mexico led Texas to revolt and win independence from Mexico in 1836.

2. Changes in Spanish Texas
Key Question: How did American settlers cause problems in Texas?
Tejas – present day Texas
Lush forests
Plains
Rich soil
People of Spanish
heritage were called
Tejanos

3. American Settlers in Texas
Empresarios
Spanish government granted these people land in Tejas
People who agreed to find settlers for the land
Stephen F. Austin
American Dream was to establish a colony in Spanish Texas

4. Rising Tensions in Texas
Americans resented Mexican laws
Some of these laws included:
Settlers to become members of the Roman Catholic Church
Pay taxes to Mexican government
Slavery was outlawed
Closed its borders to new American settlers
American settlers were unwilling to adapt to these laws.
What does this lead to?

5. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Texas Revolution
Key Question: What events led to Texas’ independence from Mexico?
Primary Cause: Differences over citizenship, policies, and laws set forth by the Mexican President Santa Anna
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
(Mexican President)

6. War Begins Texans wanted to be a self-governing state within Mexico
Santa Anna jailed Steven Austin for almost a year for advocating Texas independence
Texans declare independence (March of 1836) and place Sam Houston in charge of the Army
Sam Houston
(Texas Army)

7. Battle of The Alamo The Alamo
Battle of the Alamo (along Mexican Supply route)
Americans HEAVILY outnumbered- Led by William Travis, Former Congressman Davy Crockett and Frontiersman Jim Bowie
Texans held off the Mexican Army for almost two weeks
Mexican Victory
Almost all died in the fight and the survivors were executed
Bought valuable time for Houston to gather and army
The Alamo

8. Victory at San Jacinto
In just 18 minutes, the Texans led by Sam Houston killed more than half of the Mexican army.
Significance: Texas became an independent nation
“Remember the Alamo!” and “Remember Goliad!” (Goliad was similar to the Alamo) – this became the battle cry

9. Texas Revolution Map

10. Republic of Texas Nicknamed the Lone Star Republic
Sam Houston elected president
Texas asked Congress to annex Texas to the Union
Congress voted against annexation-it would have thrown off the Free/Slave balance in the Congress
Lone Star Republic flag

11. The War with Mexico (Sec. 3)
Main Idea: Victory in a war with Mexico allowed Americans to expand the nation across the continent.
President James K. Polk
Governor of Tennessee
“Dark Horse” in 1844 election
11th president of the U.S.
Committed to national expansion

12. Americans Support Manifest Destiny
Many Americans felt it was fate or “God’s plan” to expand the U.S. across the continent from ocean to ocean
This was bound to happen – even if it meant pushing Mexicans and Native Americans out of the way

13. - John O’Sullivan, the Annals of America, Vol 7
Primary Source Quote
“Our manifest destiny [is] to overspread the continent allotted [given] by Providence [God] for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.”
- John O’Sullivan, the Annals of America, Vol 7

14. “Fifty-four forty or fight!”
54°40’N latitude was the northern boundary of the shared Oregon Territory
Manifest Destiny became government policy under Polk

15. Oregon Territory Treaty
The United States and Great Britain agreed to divide Oregon at the 49th parallel.
Today, this line still serves as the border between much of the United States and Canada

16. Troubles with Mexico In 1845, Congress annexed Texas as a slave state.
This caused an imbalance in the free and slave states.
Mexico still claimed Texas as its own and would not accept payment of $30 Million
Mexico viewed this annexation as an act of war.
Mexicans and Texans had border disputes (Rio Grande River and Nueces River)

17. The War with Mexico
Polk sent General Zachary Taylor led troops into the disputed territory hoping to cause war. Mexico attacks.
General Stephen Kearny captured New Mexico without firing a shot by taking his troops down the Santa Fe trail and occupying Santa Fe (the capitol of “New Mexico”

18. The Republic of California
Bear Flag Revolt
General John C. Frémont led American rebels.
They easily defeated the few Mexican troops declared independence from Mexico.
California Republic formed in June 1846

19. The Fighting in Mexico
General (and future President) Taylor’s troops (4,800) defeated Santa Anna’s troops (15,000) in Monterrey in northern Mexico
General Winfield Scott defeated the Mexicans at Mexico City 1848 within 6 months of invading Veracruz
He forces the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
“Grand Old Man of the Army”

20. Impact of Victory Manifest Destiny is complete.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Recognized that Texas was part of the U.S.
Agreed to the Rio Grande as the border between the two nations
Gave up a vast region known as Mexican cession – including Texas – amounting to almost one-half of present-day Mexico (more than 500,000 sq. mi)

21. Mexican Cession

22. Culturally Diverse
American settlers and Mexicans merged and shared culture.
Some Mexicans taught new settlers how to develop the land for farming, ranching and mining.
A rich new culture resulted from the blend of many cultures.

23. Gadsden Purchase
Mexicans sold one last strip of land to the United States for $10 million.
Now part of New Mexico and Arizona
U.S. wanted this land for a southern transcontinental railroad

24. Manifest Destiny Map