1. Measuring Development (2)
Rich suburbs of London
Slums of India

2. Starter
In your groups, write down as many development indicators as you can

3. We are learning to…
Give reasons why combined indicators of development are more reliable than single indicators
Describe the Physical Quality of Life Index
Describe the Human Development Index

4. I Can…
Understand and explain the benefits of using combined indicators of development
Interpret and produce scatter graphs using various indicators of development

5. Comparing social and economic indicators
Generally, countries that score highly on economic indicators also do well according to social indicators. This is because they can use their wealth to provide proper schooling, hospitals, food and decent housing.
Countries with little wealth just cannot afford to provide all of these social services for their people.

7. Measuring Development
Look at your hand out of the scatter graphs.
Some countries appear more developed according to social indicators while others appear more developed according to economic indicators.
Look at Fig. 8.1 and 8.2
Fig 8.1 shows that as a country’s income per person increases, so does the life expectancy of its people.
But, some exceptions can be spotted:
People in Mexico have a higher life expectancy than people in Estonia, but their average income is much lower.
Any ideas why? Discuss with a partner for a minute.

8. Combined Indicators of Development
Indicator of development
China
India
GNP per person ($)
4,940
1,410
Energy used per person (kg)
1,807
566
Life expectancy (years) 72 64
Calories per person, per day
2,970
2,300
Adult literacy (%) 92 74
As we have seen before, using just one indicator can be misleading. Often, a range of social and economic indicators are used.
e.g. Above, China and India have been compared using five indicators. According to these, China is more developed than India

9. Alternatively, a range of indicators can be used to produce a single combined index. Two examples of these are:
The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) – this combines:
Life expectancy These produce an index from 0-100
Infant mortality A PQLI of over 77 is considered
Adult literacy good. The higher the index, the better the quality of life of the country
The Human Development Index (HDI) – this combines:
Life expectancy These produce an index from 0-1
Adult literacy An HDI of 0.8 or above is
GNP/person considered developed
Cost of living
School enrolment

10. Using an atlas, copy and complete the table above
Task 1
Country
HDI 1
Ireland
Kenya 2
Switzerland
Australia 3
Norway
Netherlands 4
Luxembourg
United States 5
Sweden
New Zealand 6
Canada 7
Iceland
Sri Lanka 8
Italy
Malawi 9
Denmark
Germany 10
Spain
Using an atlas, copy and complete the table above

11. Task two Answer the following questions:
Why do countries that score highly on economic indicators usually also score highly on social indicators?
Why is it more reliable to use several indicators?
What factors make up the PQLI?
If a country has a PQLI of 86, is it considered more or less developed than a country with a PQLI of 53?
How many of the factors that make up the PQLI are a)social and b)economic
What factors make up the HDI?

12. Task Three Look at the hand out showing the scatter graphs.
What is the life expectancy and income per person in
Greece b) Nigeria c) Libya
2. What is the % of people in agriculture and the number of calories per person in
a) Switzerland b) Brazil c) Sudan
Country
Income per person ($)
Adult Literacy (%)
Chad
690 34
India
1,410 74
Algeria
4,470 70
Fiji
3,720 93
Lebanon
9,140 87
St Lucia
6,820 90
Hungary
12,730 99
Oman
19,260 81
Draw a scatter graph to show the information in the table to the right

13. We were learning to…
Give reasons why combined indicators of development are more reliable than single indicators
Describe the Physical Quality of Life Index
Describe the Human Development Index

14. Can I…
Understand and explain the benefits of using combined indicators of development
Interpret and produce scatter graphs using various indicators of development