1. Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage
Axial Skeleton-Trunk
Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage

3. Thoracic cage Surrounds the thoracic and upper abdominal cavities
Includes the ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and costal cartilages

4. Vertebral Column Consists of 26 bones
Extends from the head to the coccyx
Composed of vertebrae
Separated by cartilaginous disks
Held together with ligaments

6. Types of Vertebrae Cervical (Atlas and Axis have a unique structure)
small body
transverse foramina
bifid spinous processes

8. Types of Vertebrae cont.
Thoracic
long spinous processes
rib facets

9. Types of Vertebrae cont.
Lumbar
large bodies
thick, short spinous processes

11. Types of Ribs True ribs (7 pairs) False ribs (3 pairs)
Connected to the sternum in the front
False ribs (3 pairs)
are attached in front to the cartilaginous portion of the next rib above
Floating ribs (2 pairs)
are not attached to the sternum or cartilage at all