1. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Family Names Periodic Trends
Periodic Table
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Family Names
Periodic Trends

2. Metals

3. Metals Metals are located to the left of stair-step line. High density
Mostly solid at room
temperature. Hydrogen
is not considered a metal.
High melting point
Tungsten

4. Metals
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Shiny

5. Metals Ductile (able to be drawn into wire)
Malleable (able to be hammered into sheets)

6. Metals
Lose electrons easily
Corrode

7. Nonmetals

8. Nonmetals Nonmetals are located to the right of the stair-step line.
Dull
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle (break easily)
Low density
Low melting point
Some are solid, but many are gases, and Bromine is a liquid.
Sulfur

9. Metalloids
Al is not a metalloid

10. Metalloids Metalloids touch the stair-step line. Solids Shiny or dull
Ductile
Malleable
Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals (semiconductors)
Silicon
Arsenic

11. Metal, Nonmetal, Metalloid
How can you identify a metal?
What are its properties?
Can you identify the less common nonmetals?
What are their properties?
And what the heck is a metalloid?

12. Periodic Table
Series/periods – Rows (↔)
Groups/families – Columns (↕)

13. Comparing Group I and Group II

14. Group A – Representative Elements

15. Family Names Group A - Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Halogens
Noble Gases – Inert Gases

16. Periodic Table--Group B
Transition Elements
Transition metals are fairly stable
Rare Earth Metals – Inner Transition Metals =
Actinide Series Lanthanide Series

17. Periodic Table Quick Facts
Hydrogen has characteristics of metals and nonmetals
Elements greater than 92 are man-made and radioactive

18. Periodic Trends Comparing Families and Periods
Student made video
(Turn down volume a bit)

19. Periodic Trends
There are several important atomic characteristics that show predictable trends that you should know.
The first and most important is atomic radius.
Radius is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the “edge” of the electron cloud.

20. Atomic Radius
The trend for atomic radius in a vertical column is to go from smaller at the top to larger at the bottom of the family.
Why?
With each step down the family, we add an entirely new Principle Energy Level to the electron cloud, making the atoms larger with each step.

21. Atomic Radius The trend across a horizontal period is less obvious.
What happens to atomic structure as we step from left to right?
Each step adds a proton and an electron (and 1 or 2 neutrons).
Electrons are added to existing Principle Energy Level or sublevels.

22. Atomic Radius
The effect is that the more positive nucleus has a greater pull on the electron cloud.
The nucleus is more positive and the electron cloud is more negative.
The increased attraction pulls the cloud in, making atoms smaller as we move from left to right across a period.

23. Periodic Trends
Trends of the Periodic Table Atomic Radius Ionization Energy Electronegativity metals/nonmetals reactivity

24. Periodic Trends Activity Lab Follow-up
What household tool does this reaction drive?

25. Metals in Hydrochloric Acid
Observe the chemical reaction that occurs when different metals are dipped in a solution of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid dissolves some metals to form oxidized metal chlorides and hydrogen gas, the latter of which is visible in the animation as bubbles floating to the surface. Depending on their atomic structure and how readily they give up electrons when exposed to hydrogen ions in an acidic solution, certain metals, including zinc and magnesium, corrode more easily than others.