1. Microsoft SQL Server 2014 for Oracle DBAs Module 5
11: Monitoring and performance tuning
Microsoft SQL Server 2014 for Oracle DBAs Module 5
Data access

2. Developing robust queries
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Module Overview
6: Data Access
Developing robust queries

3. Lesson 1: Comparing structured query language
6: Data Access
Demonstration: Transact SQL

4. Relational engine SQL OS SQL OS API In-Memory OLTP External Components
6: Data Access
SQL OS
SQL OS API
In-Memory OLTP
Deadlock Monitor
Resource Monitor
Lazy Writer
Schedule Monitor
XEvents
Memory Manager
Resource Governor
Scheduling
Synchronization I /O
Hosting API
External Components
Protocols
Query Compiler and Execution Engines
Storage Engine
Buffer Pool

5. Demonstration: Evaluate an execution plan
6: Data Access
In this demonstration you will see how to:
Provide tracing within SQL Server
Review the execution plan for simple queries
Compare execution plan to the trace profiler
Review execution plan
Demonstration Steps
Click Start → All Programs → Microsoft SQL Server 2014 → Performance Tools → SQL Server Profiler.
Click File → New Trace.
Connect to the Training instance using Windows authentication.
Trace Properties dialog box will open.
Set the Trace name in Trace name textbox.
Select standard (default) as Template Name.
Select Event from the top tab.
From among Available Event classes, click Performance → Showplan Text and add it to Selected Event classes.
Click Run.Click Start → All Programs → Microsoft SQL Server 2012 → SQL Server Management Studio → New Query.
Connect to the INST01 instance using Windows authentication.
Select the AdventureWorks2012 database.
To view the execution plan for a full table scan, type the following script in the query window:
USE AdventureWorks2012 GO
SELECT * FROM HumanResources.Department
SELECT * FROM HumanResources.Employee
Click Query → Display Estimated Execution Plan from the top navigation bar.
The estimated execution plan for the full table scan will be displayed. The query is parsed and the cost of executing each component of the query is displayed by percentage. This gives a good idea as to which portion of the query is a costly operation and needs to be optimized.If your T-SQL code
(More notes on the next slide)

6. Structured Query Language
6: Data Access
Oracle and SQL Server are compliant with entry- level SQL-92
Both support many of the core features of SQL- 2008
Categories of SQL statements
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Transaction Control Statements
Session Control Statements
System Control Statements

7. Data definition language
6: Data Access
Define and alter database structures
Using :
CREATE, ALTER and DROP
Access control:
GRANT and REVOKE
+ DENY in SQL Server
Identifiers limits in characters
Oracle <= 30 characters
SQL Server <= 128 Unicode characters
Temporary tables <= 116 Unicode characters

8. Data manipulation language
6: Data Access
Standard Terminology with Each Other
C = INSERT
R = SELECT
U = UPDATE
D = DELETE
There are Differences Though
Oracle: IN lists can have up to 1000 values
SQL Server: IN lists have no limited on number of values
Syntax variations – Example:
Oracle: SELECT Field1 || Field2 FROM Table1
SQL Server: SELECT Field3 + Field4 FROM Table2

9. Demonstration: Transact SQL
6: Data Access
In this demonstration you will see how to:
Generate a query
Declare and use variables and row constructors
Aggregate summary data
Demonstration Steps
Click Start → All Programs → Microsoft SQL Server 2014 → SQL Server Management Studio → New Query.
Connect to the INST01 instance using Windows authentication.
Select the AdventureWorks2012 database.
Execute the following query to determine the sales people with the top five quotas:
SELECT TOP 5 p.FirstName, p.LastName, s.SalesQuota
FROM Person.Person p INNER JOIN
Sales.SalesPerson s ON p.BusinessEntityID = s.BusinessEntityID INNER JOIN
Sales.SalesTerritory t ON s.TerritoryID = t.TerritoryID
WHERE (t.CountryRegionCode = N'US')
ORDER BY s.SalesQuota DESCTransact-SQL variables allow you to use the same values for multiple queries. Assigning values to those variables can be done via a SET statement, or in-line as is shown in this example.
Execute the following queries to use the same date range for multiple queries:
datetime = '10/1/2003';
datetime = '12/31/2003';
SELECT h.SalesOrderID, h.CustomerID, h.TotalDue
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader h
WHERE h.OrderDate
SELECT po.PurchaseOrderID, po.OrderDate, po.TotalDue
FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader po
WHERE po.OrderDate
While Transact-SQL supports the older join syntax where the join conditions are specified in the WHERE clause, best practices recommend that the ANSI join syntax be used. This makes it easier to understand what the join conditions are for each join, as they’re located immediately after the table joining into the expression. SQL Server provides a way to create a column which assigns itself a unique value when a row is inserted into the table. Then, the INSERT statement doesn’t need to
(More notes on the next slide)

10. Lesson 2: Control and procedural statements
6: Data Access
Integrated full-text searching

11. Control Statements in Oracle and SQL Server
6: Data Access
Control Statements in Oracle and SQL Server
Oracle
SQL Server
Control Category
Transaction Control
COMMIT [WORK]
COMMIT [WORK] TRANSACTION
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK [WORK] TRANSACTION
SAVEPOINT
SAVE TRAN[SACTION]
SET TRANSACTION
SET
Session Control
ALTER SESSION
SET ROLE
sp_setapprole
ALTER SYSTEM
sp_configure
ALTER DATABASE
sp_dboption

12. Both use “BEGIN … END” and “IF” for block and conditional structuring.
SQL language support
6: Data Access
Both use “BEGIN … END” and “IF” for block and conditional structuring.
1 Statement <> BEGIN … END
> 1 Statement = BEGIN … END
Oracle offers loop structures:
LOOP … END LOOP,
FOR … END LOOP,
WHILE … END LOOP
SQL Server offers the loop WHILE
Dynamic SQL
ORACLE - DBMS_SQL or EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
SQL Server - sp_executesql and EXEC()

13. Declare Cursor with a SELECT
Cursors
6: Data Access
Versatile navigation through data
Both support Fetching and Scrolling
SQL Server cursor types include:
Define Variables
Declare Cursor with a SELECT
Open the Result
Fetch the Next Row
Close the Cursor
FIRST
NEXT
PRIOR
LAST
ABSOLUTE
RELATIVE
FORWARD_ONLY
INSENSITIVE
SCROLL
READ_ONLY
STATIC
DYNAMIC
FAST_FORWARD
LOCAL
GLOBAL
KEYSET-DRIVER

14. Integrated full-text searching
6: Data Access
Storing large text documents is on the rise
RDBMS – Not equipped on their own to handle this
Oracle Text
SQL Server Full-Text
SELECT * FROM MYTextDocuments WHERE CONSTAINS
(text, ‘Oracle’,1) > 0
SELECT * FROM MYProductCatalog WHERE CATSEARCH
(title, ‘Camera’, ‘order by price desc’) > 0
SELECT * FROM MYRules WHERE MATCHES
(query_strink,:doc_text) > 0
(text, ‘SQL Server’)
SELECT * FROM MYTextDocuments WHERE FREETEXT
SELECT * FROM MYTextDocuments FT_TBL INNER JOIN CONTAINSTABLE (MYTextDocuments, text, ‘ SQL Server’)
AS K_TBL ON FT.TBL.id = K_TBL.[KEY]
ORDER BY K_TBL.RANK DESC;

15. Lesson 3: Developing robust queries
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Lesson 3: Developing robust queries
6: Data Access
Locking

16. Tools to ease development cycles
6: Data Access
Tools for Creating Queries
Command Line
SQL *Plus for Oracle
SQLCMD for SQL Server
Graphical User Interfaces
SQL Developer for Oracle
SQL Server Management Studio
NEW: SQL Server Data Tools
Beyond the Integrated Tools
Toad from Quest Software
And others

17. Error handling Servers always raise the errors T-SQL dealings @@Error
6: Data Access
Servers always raise the errors
T-SQL dealings
TRY..CATCH
Oracle has predefined system exceptions
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
and so on
SQL Server internal error messages
Severity levels
View with sys.messages
Both DBs allow custom exceptions messages
Severity Level
Description
0-9
Informational message that are not severe. DB does not raise system errors.
11-16
Indicate software errors that can be corrected by the user.
17-19
Indicate software errors that cannot be corrected by the user.
20-25
Indicate fatal errors, which means executions ceases. Error messages are writing to the error log.

18. Query optimization Cost-Based Optimization Execution Plans based on:
6: Data Access
Cost-Based Optimization
Execution Plans based on:
Access methods
Statistics
Hints
Plans can be viewed with:
Oracle
Explain Plan
Execution Plan

19. Transaction management
6: Data Access
Oracle transactions end with COMMIT or ROLLBACK
SQL Server is an implicit commit for each row.
Make explicit by using:
BEGIN TRAN … COMMIT TRAN or
SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS ON
Distributed transactions modify data in more than one database in a distributed database environment
Two-phase commit provides ways to manage data consistency and data integrity in a distributed environment

20. Concurrency and consistency
6: Data Access
Isolation levels and concurrency issues
Concurrency and consistency are mutually opposing goals
Oracle supports read-committed and serializable- isolation levels
Achieves other levels through row-versioning
SQL Server removes “writers blocking reader” and readers blocking writers” with snapshot-isolation
SQL Server supports all four isolation levels
Isolation table
Dirty read
Non-repeatable read
Phantom read
Read uncommitted
Possible
Read committed
Not possible
Repeatable read
Serializable

21. SQL Server supports lock escalation
Locking
6: Data Access
Locking granularity
SQL Server supports lock escalation
Explicit locking can be achieved by using lock hints in both DBMS
Oracle locking
SQL Server locking
Table level
Row level (default)
Table
Partition
Page
Row (default)
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