1. SCIENTIFIC TOOLS AND MODELS

2. WOW COOL! YOUR BRAIN IS 80% WATER
THERE ARE 206 BONES IN THE ADULT BODY AND 300 IN CHILDREN
FLEA’S CAN JUMP 130 TIMES HIGHER THAN THEIR OWN HEIGHT. IN HUMAN TERMS THIS IS EQUAL TO A 6FT PERSON JUMPING 780 FT INTO THE AIR
HUMAN JAW MUSCLES CAN GENERATE A FORCE OF 200 POUNDS ON THE MOLARS
NO MATTER ITS SIZE OR THICKNESS, NO PIECE OF PAPER CAN BE FOLDED IN HALF MORE THAN 7 TIMES

3. Cool balloon activity

4. What is a model? Who can give me an example of when a model is used?
It is a representation of an object
How are they used in science?
Used to help explain how something works or to describe how something is structured.
To make predictions and form a hypothesis and explain the observations
There are different types of models used
Physical
Model airplane
Mathematical
graph
Conceptual
System of ideas
Big bang theory

5. Physical models They look like the thing they model
A model of the human body helps us understand how the human body works
Ask them to give me examples of physical models
toy rocket
plastic skeleton

6. Mathematical models Made up of numbers or equations
Used to calculate or predict information; such as population growth or weather patterns
Computers are very useful for creating and manipulating mathematical models
They make fewer mistakes and can keep track of more variables than a human can

7. Conceptual Models
A model that is a system of ideas
Can compare unfamiliar things with familiar things.
These comparisons help explain unfamiliar ideas
The idea that life originated from chemicals is a conceptual model
Scientist use conceptual models to classify behaviors of animals
They can predict how an animal might respond to a certain action based on the behaviors that have already been observed
The Big Bang Theory is an example of a conceptual model
(not the TV Show)
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8. Benefits of Models
Models can be used to represent things that are very large or very small
They can also represent things that are very complicated or things that no longer exist
Computer models have been used to make movies about prehistoric life on earth.
Obviously, filming a real dinosaur in action is impossible
In building models, scientists discover things they had not thought of before
A model can be a kind of hypothesis and can be tested
To build a model, scientists must gather information

9. Scientific Tools Scientific tools are used to: Make observations
Gather information
Store information
Analyze information
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What are some scientific tools that you can think of?
What have we used in class?s

10. Computer and Technology
The very first computer was created in 1946 and was the size of a large room.
Computers can be used to create graphs, solve complex equations, and analyze data.
Computers are made up of two types of “ware”
Software – parts of the computer which do not have material form
Hardware – parts of the computer that are tangible

11. Microscopes Compound light microscope
Magnifies small objects so that they can be seen easily
Items viewed may be colored with dyes to make them more visible
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Electron Microscope
Does not use light
Electrons are used to produce images.
These images are clearer and more detailed than the light microscope.
Living things cannot be viewed with electron microscopes

16. Tools of measurement Graduated Cylinder Balance Meter Stick
Measures volume (l)
Marked along the sides with measurement marks and has a spout at the top
Balance
Measures mass (g)
Two scales on each side with a fulcrum in the middle
Meter Stick
Measures length (m)
Thermometer
measures temperature (F) or (C)
If you are going to see how many books fit into a backpack what measurement would that be?
If you wanted to measure how long an ant was what measurement would you use?
If you wanted to see how much paper you would need to cover your desktop what measurement would you use?

17. To summarize… Models Representation of an object Physical Mathematical
Conceptual
Scientific tools
Computer
Microscope
Compound
electron
Tools of measurement
Graduated cylinder
Balance
Meter stick
thermometer

18. THAT’S ALL FOLKS!

19. International system of units
All units are based on the number 10
KILO 1000 Units
HECTO 100 Units
DEKA 10 Units
DECI 0.1 Unit
CENTI 0.01 Unit
Meters Liters Grams
MILLI Unit
How do you use the “ladder” method?
1st – Determine your starting point.
2nd – Count the “jumps” to your ending point.
3rd – Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction.
4 km = _________ m
Starting Point
Ending Point
Ending Point
Ending Point
How many jumps does it take?
Ending Point

20. Conversion Practice Meters Liters Grams
Try these conversions using the ladder method.
1000 mg = _______ g 1 L = _______ mL 160 cm = _______ mm
14 km = _______ m 109 g = _______ kg 250 m = _______ km
Compare using <, >, or =.
56 cm m 7 g mg

21. Metric Conversion Mnumonic
King (kilo, 1,000)
Henry (hecto, 100)
Died (deka, 10)
Unexpectedly (Unit of measurement)
Drinking (deci 1/10)
Chocolate (centi 1/100)
Milk (milli, 1/1,000)

22. Practice sheet
Please refer to the practice sheet at the back of your power point