1. Detection of adeno-associated virus in human semen: does viral infection play a role in the pathogenesis of male infertility? 
Volker Rohde, M.D., Kerstin Erles, Hans Peter Sattler, B.S., Harry Derouet, M.D., Bernd Wullich, M.D., Jörg R Schlehofer, M.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 72, Issue 5, Pages (November 1999)
DOI: /S (99)

2. Figure 1
Detection of AAV DNA in semen using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from the spermatozoal (SP) and the nonspermatozoal (NSC) fractions of representative ejaculate samples. Sequences specific for AAV were amplified by nested PCR and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Products specific for AAV yielded a 176–base pair (bp) fragment with nested PCR. Samples SP 76 and NSC 70 were positive for AAV DNA. Control samples that were negative for AAV DNA (HeLa cells) and positive for AAV DNA (HA 16 cells, HeLa cells with integrated AAV DNA) were included in the analysis. Fragment sizes are given in base pairs and shown on the left.
Rohde. Viral DNA semen. Fertil Steril. 1999
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /S (99) )