1. Tourism Product in India
Architecture

2. Architecture Meaning The art and study of designing buildings
The design or style of a building or buildings

3. Definition
According to Ellis and Davidson, “Architecture is the material expression of the wants, the faculties and the sentiments of the age in which it is created”.

4. Introduction Architecture is the matrix of civilization.
Architecture remains visible material or record of intellectual evolution of man.
A nation’s cultural history can be appreciated through its architecture.
Architecture, paintings, literature and music are the soul of a nation.

5. Cont…
The people of India were the world’s greatest builders.
Ancient Temples, Palaces, Mosque, Mausoleum and Churches are a testimony to the skill of artitst, architects, engineers and builders.
The architect in India has traditionally followed the foot steps of the supreme architect Viswakarma.
He originated the Sceince of Architecturee. His name literally means ‘Creator of the Universe’.

6. Types of Architecture Domestic Architecture Power Architecture
Religious Architecture
Government Architecture
Recreational Architecture

7. Buildings Techniques in Architecture
Materials
Expression
Form
Scale
Texture
Colour
Environment
ornament

8. Chronological Division (seven)
Harappan
Mauryan
Gupta
Medieval
Muslim
British
Modern

9. Division of (Religious) Architecture
Hindu Temple Architecture
Buddhist Architecture
Jainist Architecture
Mughals (Muslim) Architecture
Indo – European Architecture
Indo – Sarasonic Architecture

10. Hindu Temple Architecutre
Dravida (South India)
Nagara (North and Eastern India)
Vesera (Central and Western India)

11. Dravidian Style of Architecture
Pallavas (600 – 900 A.D.)
Chola (900 – 1250 A.D.)
Pandyas (1100 – 1350 A.D.)
Hoysala (1100 – 1350 A.D.)
Vijayanagara (1350 – 1565 A.D.)
Nayaks (1600 – 1736 A.D.)

12. Pallava Architecture
The earliest examples of temples in the Dravidian style belongs to the Pallava period.
Two groups
Rock cut (610 – 690 A.D.)
Structural (690 – 900 A.D.)

13. Rock cut Two groups Excavated pillared halls or Mandapas
Monolithic shrines known as Rathas
e.g. Mamallapuram (five rathas and mandapas)

14. Structural Kailasanatha temple e.g. Kanchipuram
Vaikuntha perumal temple

15. Chola Several hundreds of temples Brihadeshwara Temple
Temples at Thanjavur, Chidambaram, Sri Rangam, Gangaigonda Chola puram, Darasuram and Tribhuvanam
Cylone (Sri Lanka) and Southeast Asian kingdoms like Sumatra and Java

16. Pandya Gopurams at the main entrance
Sundara Pandya gopuram of Jambukesvara
Temple at Kumbakonam, Madurai, Tiruchendur, Rameshwaram

17. Hoysala Numerous angled projections and carved surfaces
Temples at Belur, Halebid and Sringeri

18. Vijayanagara Tall massive gopurams Multiple mandapas
Pillared halls (carved pillars) lions, yalis,
Shrines to minor deities
Temple at Papapati, the Hazararama temple, the Vittalswami temple, Srivilliputhur Andal Temple, etc.

19. Nayaks Dravidan style assumed final form Madura style
Meenakshi temple at Madurai
Sundareshwara and Meenakshi
Two thousand pillars
Temples at Srirangam, Jambukeshwaram, Rameshwaram, Chidambaram, etc.

20. Structure of Hindu Temple

21. Ariel View of a Temple

22. Features of Dravidian Style
Gopura(m)
Vimana(m)
Pillared Halls
Mandapa(m)s

23. Gopura(m) or Tall tower

24. Constructional Plan of a Temple

25. Structure of a Siva Temple

26. Plan of Gopura(m)

27. Sculpture

28. Sculpture

29. Sculpture

30. Top of the Gopura

31. Kalasa(m)

32. Vimana(m)

33. Plan of Vimana(m)

34. Plan of Vimana(m)

35. Sanctum Sanctorum (Garbhagraha)

36. Pillared Halls
1000 Pillared Hall or Mandapam

37. Pillars

38. Mandapas
Maha Mandapam
Artha Mandapam

39. Mandapa(m) Front Mandapam Nandhi Mandapam Inner Mandapam
Periya Mandapam

40. Kalyana Mandapa(m)

41. Nagara Style

42. Plan of Nagara