1. US History-Westward Expansion
US History Unit 7

2. American Progress – Manifest Destiny
What does manifest destiny bring?

3. Understanding Manifest Destiny
"(It is) ..our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and self- government“
-John O'Sullivan
Editor of 'The Morning Post'

4. What is “Manifest Destiny?”
Belief that the US should expand its territory from coast to coast
Political Roots – expansionist president James K. Polk ( ) encouraged rapid expansion westward and ran on that platform

5. US Territorial Expansion
When?
A - 13 Original Colonies
1776
From Where?
Great Britain
Why?
US declared independence from Great Britain A

6. US Territorial Expansion
When?
B - Western Lands
1783
From Where?
Great Britain
Why?
Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) A B

7. US Territorial Expansion
When?
1803
C - Louisiana Purchase
From Where?
France
Why?
Napoleon needed $
Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans
He got all of this instead for $15 million. A C B

8. US Territorial Expansion
When?
1819
D – Florida cession
Cede: to give up
From Where?
Spain
Why?
Andrew Jackson was ordered to invade due to Indian raids on Georgia.
“Govern or get out”
Spain then gave up Florida.
US paid $5 million claims to Spain. A C B D

9. US Territorial Expansion
When?
E – Texas annexation
Annex: to incorporate into the domain of the land
1845 (Polk)
From Where?
Republic of Texas (Independent Country)
Why?
Texas independent from Mexico in 1836
US feared war with Mexico
Northerners feared it would become a slave state
Fears finally overcome in 1844 Presidential election. James Polk believed in Manifest Destiny A C B E D

10. US Territorial Expansion
When?
F - Oregon Territory
1846 (Polk)
From Where?
Great Britain
Why?
Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US)
Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!”
Britain compromised 49° parallel & US accepted F A C B E D

11. The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!
By the mid-1840s, “Oregon Fever” was spurred on by the promise of free land.
The joint British-U. S. occupation ended in 1846.

12. US Territorial Expansion
When?
1848 (Polk)
G - Mexican Cession
From Where?
Mexico
Why?
Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse
War over the border
US wins by pushing Mexican forces back to Mexico City.
In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G F A C B G E D

13. Causes of the Mexican American War
Dispute over the Texas boundary
Texas & then America claimed the southern border was along the Rio Grande
Mexico claimed the northern border was the Nueces river
Polk sent troupes to the disputed territory and both armies clashed. Each side blamed the other for casing the conflict.
Need for a west coast port (the California coast line)

14. The Mexican War ( )

15. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
Effects of the Mexican American War
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.
Mexico gave the U. S.: California and New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona
U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).

16. The Mexican Cession

17. Trails Westward

18. California Gold Rush, 1849
49er’s

19. Major Results of Manifest Destiny
Americans Move West
Mormon Trail- A religious group that was persecuted in the east, moved west to Utah for religious freedom.
Oregon Trail- Poor Yomen farmer & immigrants began to move west instead of becoming factory workers. Free land was available for those who made it to California & Oregon.
California Gold Rush
Gold was discovered in various locations in the west. This increased immigration to the west & improved the American economy.
Conflicts with Native Americans
Conflicts between new Anglo settlers and Native Americans increased. This eventually led to open warfare & the creation of Reservations in the late nineteenth centuries.

20. US Territorial Expansion
When?
1853
H – Gadsden Purchase
From Where?
Mexico
Why?
James Gadsden arranged for the purchase for $10 million
Provided a flat route south of the Rocky Mountains
Good for railroads and safe passage
Sea to shining Sea is complete F A C B G D E H