3. ACID RAIN CAUSED BY: Coal, gasoline, oil BURNING FOSSIL FUELS
Gases released by Fossil fuels are SO2 & NO2
The Gases combine w/H2O & Forms an acid which then falls as Acid Rain
ANY pH BELOW 5 is considered ACID RAIN

4. EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS THE low pH -KILLS Plants 1. Lower soil pH :
DISSOLVES some METALS in the soil, like ALUMINUM which is ABSORBED by PLANT ROOTS. No longer able to transport water.
2. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas can clog the plant’s stomata- NO TRANSPIRATION of H2O
Causes LEAF DROP on PLANTS

5. EFFECTS ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS
SPRING IS THE WORST TIME OF YEAR-SNOW MELT
SUDDEN INPUT OF ACID SNOW MELT LEADS TO pH SHOCK
FISH KILL, FEWER EGGS OR NOT HATCH
Neutralize the acid by spraying POWDERED LIMESTONE raises the pH

6. EFFECTS ON HUMANS
TOXINS IN DRINKING WATER RELEASED BY THE SOIL-HEAVY METALS-cadmium, mercury
Dissolves building materials made of CONCRETE, LIMESTONE
HISTORIC MONUMENTS, STATUES.

8. GLOBAL WARMING 2 causes 1. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

9. pressure

10. GREENHOUSE EFFECT
When the Sun’s heat enters the ATMOSPHERE some of the heat Radiates back to space
The rest is ABSORBED by
H2O & land
Gases in the atmosphere like, CH4 (methane), CO2, CO, from organisms & human activity on Earth are called Greenhouse Gases.
Why?
The Greenhouse Effect is …
The Sun’s heat mixing with these gases in the Troposphere layer of the atmosphere & trap heat.
This is called Greenhouse Warming
Animation no sound

11. 2. OZONE 03 Layer Thinning STRATOSPHERE layer thins out Why?
Filters U.V. RAYS
thins out Why?
CFC’S-CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
Compound gas; used in Refrigerators, A/C, Spray cans
CFC’s can travel to the Ozone and breaks up the O3 molecules. So the Ozone thins out, which lets in stronger UV rays
They were banned in the 90’s. But, they can last up to 120 years in the Atmosphere.
Video thinning with CFC’s

12. How can we reduce Greenhouse gases?
Plant trees
Use scrubbers in smoke stacks
Carpool, walk, use public transportation
Use less electricity reduce power plants burning of fossil fuels
electric/hybrid cars
Increase renewable energy Solar, Wind

13. EFFECTS of Climate Change HUMANS & ANIMALS
SKIN CANCER stronger UV rays
Fish-lay eggs in water, may not hatch due to acid rain, pH drop
AMPHIBIANS lay their eggs in water
UV rays go through eggs, may not hatch or cause genetic defects.

14. Effects on Ecosystem DISRUPTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS for some plants
LOWER PHYTOPLANKTON levels in the water
Reduced PRODUCERS in the FOOD CHAIN/WEB
LOWER CROP YIELDS for farmers- Famines
WEATHER PATTERNS -change in ocean currents stronger hurricanes, droughts, flooding.

15. Effects on Ocean and Land
MELTING ICE CAPS & RISING SEA LEVELS
ICE REFLECTS HEAT-less ice, more melting
Increases fresh water into ocean water-disrupts ocean habitats
Flooding-Relocation of populations in Coastal areas/ Islands
Salt water getting into freshwater wells.

16. Relocation of people/animals
Sea level increase
Mosquito diseases
Polar bear
Famine
Disruption of ecosystems