1. Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg
Injuries

2. Great Toe Sprain At the 1st Metatarsal-phalangeal joint
Hyper extension or hyper flexion
Pain, tenderness, and/or swelling is on dorsal or plantar surface of MTP joint

3. Ingrown Toe Nail

4. Ingrown Toe Nail Nail grows into surrounding tissue
Cause : poor trimming of toe nails; rounded instead of straight; or too short

5. Arch Strains
Refers to a burning sensation in the arch of the foot. Can be very painful, often caused by injuries in other parts of the foot or lower leg. Strain of the plantar fascia causes the pain and stiffness in the foot.

6. Blisters
Small bubble filled with fluid on the skin caused by friction, burning or other skin disturbance.
Protects new skin growing underneath and can be very painful
Should be covered and protected

7. Inversion Ankle Sprain
Lateral ligaments usually injured due to stretching mechanism
85% of ankle sprains are inversion
Fibula prevents severe eversion
Deltoid ligament is stronger

8. Inversion Ankle Sprain
Deformities
Swelling, discoloration, pain & point tenderness
ROM decreased
Strength decreased
Orthopedic Test : Anterior Drawer Test – Grade I, II, III

9. Inversion
Ankle
Sprain

10. Ankle Sprains So What structures are normally injured?
Grade 1: Anterior Talofibular
Grade 2: ATF & Calcaneofibular
Grade 3: ATF, CF, & Posterior Talofibular

11. Jones’ Fracture

12. Jones’ Fracture
Avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal head in inversion sprain
Xrays needed to rule out fracture if suspected

13. Achilles Tendonitis Irritation or inflammation of the Achilles Tendon
Swelling, tenderness, heat, crepitus (crunchiness), pain
If worsens, can lead to complete tear

14. Achilles’ Rupture

15. Achilles Tendon Rupture
Athlete usually falls, grabbing leg in pain
Feels as if they were shot in the back of their leg
Extreme pain, swelling, deformity or depression, weakness or complete loss of plantar flexion
Orthopedic Test: Thompson’s Test

16. Thompson’s Test

17. GASTROCNEMIUS
STRAIN

18. Shin Splints Called Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
It is inflammation of the periosteum lining of the tibia
Caused from the Soleus muscle insertion
Pronation
Out of shape or overuse
Change in running distance, surface, footwear, or form

19. Shin Splints (cont.)
Dull achy pain, can be present before, during, and after activity
Point tender on medial border of tibia
Pain with resisted plantar flexion (due to Soleus) involvement

20. Stress Fractures Caused by repetitive stress
Usually to tibia, fibula, and metatarsals (but can occur in any bone)
Complain of most intense pain after activity and during night
Pain and swelling on bone at fracture site

21. Stress Fracture
Bone scan is
needed to
diagnose

22. Using those X-ray Eyes Percussion test Bump test Squeeze Test
Vibration (tuning fork)
Compression/Distraction