1. Social Studies Final exam review
Do now: take out review material and paper
Exam dates:
June multiple choice questions (40%)
June 9 – one essay (60%)

2. Contents of final exam 40 multiple choice questions-
One essay – 60 points –

3. Format for review
You are not expected to write down everything that is written here.
You should just supplement your own notes.

4. 1. Why did people move West?
Better life
Opportunities
Homestead Act

5. 2. Reasons for immigration
Push – why they left their homeland; war, poverty, oppression
Pull- America- Land of Opportunity; lots of jobs here

6. 3- immigrate
To come to a new land to settle

7. 4. emigrate
Exit; exodus
To leave your homeland

8. 5. Theories of immigration
A. old theory – melting pot
Immigrants erase heritage and adopt new, American culture.
B. new theory – salad bowl
Immigrants add features of their culture to become part of a new American culture. (cultural pluralism)

9. 6-nativism Dislike of foreigners
Wanted quotas or restrictions on immigration (1920s)
Some immigrants were discriminated against when they arrived

10. 7- muckrakers Goal- to expose problems caused by industrialization
Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives – tenement life
Upton Sinclair – The Jungle – horrors of meatpacking industry and immigrant life
Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil – unfair business practices of Rockefeller

11. 8- Progressive Movement
Goals- to fix the problems caused by the Industrial Era
Wanted to end unfair business practices such as monopolies, unsafe working conditions, monopolies, child labor etc.

12. 9- suffrage Right to vote Women – 19th amendment
African American Males – 15th amendment (but with restrictions)

13. 10- laissez-faire
Little or no government regulation or interference in the economy or business
Led to growth of monopolies

14. 11. Changes caused by Industrial Revolution
Economic growth due to:
Assembly line- more consumer goods produced at a lower/cheaper cost
More efficiently produced goods
More jobs in factories
More monopolies and corporations

15. 12-urban/suburban/rural
Urban- city
Suburban – outside city
Rural- countryside

16. 13- labor union
Goal-Workers joined together to fight for better working conditions and benefits
Unions help employees/workers
VOCABULARY-- EMPLOYER= BOSS

17. 14-assembly line Production is faster and cheaper
Mass production of goods was more efficient

18. 15. Jane Addams and Settlement houses
Jane Addams- social reformer who set up settlement houses to help poor people and immigrants
focused on education, health, job training
Reform means to CHANGE

19. 16- Big Stick Policy President Teddy Roosevelt
U.S. “Policeman of the World” - especially Latin America

20. 17 A.- imperialism Take over a nation making it a colony
Due to the nation’s need for resources and markets during Industrial era
expansion

21. 17B – Manifest Destiny America’s destiny to be a land from sea to sea.
Desire for expansion

22. 17 C – Monroe Doctrine
The U.S. declares it’s right to deal with matters in the Western Hemisphere
Told Europeans to stay out of the affairs of the West
Doctrine was expanded under Teddy Roosevelt (Roosevelt Corollary)

23. 17 D- Spanish American War
Causes
Imperialism
Yellow journalism
DeLome Letter
Humanitarian concern for Cuba
Sinking of the USS Maine ship
Results
U.S. becomes and imperialist nation with colonies (Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines)

24. 17 E- Open Door Policy with China
Industrial Age
More trade with China

25. 18 A-World War I Causes – 1914 (M.A.N.I.A)
Assassination of Archduke of Austria- Hungary
Germany attacks U.S. ships then we declare war in 1917.
Results
Map of Europe changed

26. 18B- U.S. at beginning of WWI
U.S. Neutral in “did not affect us”
U.S. Declares war- 1917
War ends- 1918
Reminder: Quiz on Thursday on Final Exam Review. Another Quiz on Friday and Tuesday.

27. 19. Fourteen Points Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace No more wars
No secret treaties
No colonies
League of Nations- use diplomacy/talking to settle disputes

28. 20-Treaty of Versailles
Senate refuses to ratify treaty because of League of Nations
Senate believed League might cause us to be involved in another conflict
Harsh conditions on Germany- reparations

29. 21. League of Nations
Senate refuses to ratify Treaty of Versailles bec. of the League. Believed it might get us more involved in wars.
Wilson wanted it – believed it would end conflicts; bring peaceful settlement of problems

30. 22-Roaring Twenties Era of changes (social, political, economic)
Eco- Easy credit meant people could afford to buy more goods
Social – New freedoms/ fashions for women
Political- Reduced civil liberties; Red Scare

31. 23. Harlem Renaissance
Rebirth of African American culture centered in Harlem, NY in the 1920s
Poetry/ literature celebrating African American culture

32. 24. Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian immigrants (anarchists) convicted of murder with little evidence.
Lessons:
Nativism – dislike of immigrants
1920’s Red Scare era- fear of different ideas
Civil liberties can be denied due to fears

33. 25. Quotas- Immigration Acts 1921
Restrictions on immigration - fewer from Asia and Eastern Europe.
Nativists supported quotas (limits)

34. 26. Scopes (monkey) Trial 1920s- Religious fundamentalism rises
Scopes taught about evolution though it was banned

35. 27. Red Scare 1920s Fear communism would spread to USA
Fear of people who may support communism
Fear of immigrants

36. 28- Red Scare 1950s
McCarthyism
Cold War era
Fear of Communism

37. 29. Dust bowl Drought (no rain) conditions in Great Plains
Massive dust storms

38. 30. Farmers in the 1920s Lost farms due to dust bowl Low crop prices
Moved West

39. 31-Great Depression Causes: Results: Mechanization -lost jobs
High tariffs on imports
Easy credit -debt
Stock market crash and panic – 1929
Results:
High unemployment; banks fail, slow economy; little money to buy goods

40. 32. FDR vs. Hoover Hoover FDR Help business help people Indirect help
New Deal
Direct help; jobs, loans, aid

41. 33. Hoovervilles Shanty towns People were evicted homeless
Lived in shacks

42. 34. The New Deal Purpose- Relief, Recover, Reform
Provided jobs, faith in banking
Result-Increased size and responsibility of government.

43. 35. WWII causes Germany invades Poland-1939
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor- US enters war in 1941

44. 36. WWII - results During the War Results
War leads to more jobs- Depression ends
More women working
Results
Atom bombs dropped on Japan leads to war’s end
Now-nuclear age; two superpowers
Arms race; Cold War begins

45. 37. Iron Curtain
Phrase from Winston Churchill describing the separation between Western (free) Europe and Eastern (communist-controlled) Europe.
Post War period

46. 38-Marshall Plan
USA sends financial or economic aid to help rebuild Western Europe
Keep Europe strong to resist communism

47. 39-Berlin Blockade
U.S. helps West Berlin which was blockaded during Cold War

48. 40. Cold War Tensions between US and USSR after WWII
Korean War, Vietnam War happened during Cold War
11/9/89 – fall of Berlin Wall – symbolized end of Cold War.

49. 41- containment Foreign policy to stop the spread of communism
During the Cold War

50. 42- NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Defensive alliance for the West to provide security to fight the East (Communists)
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

51. 43. McCarthyism Anti-communist Senator McCarthy– 1950s
Ruined careers of people accusing them of being communist; people’s rights denied.
Red Scare era

52. 44. Korean War
1950s
U.N. (with U.S. support) tries to stop communist from spreading to South Korea.
Border remains at 38 parallel
Containment – Cold War
Domino theory

53. 44- Communism
Political system of Soviet Union

54. 45- Cuban Missile Crisis JFK success Nearly a nuclear war
Soviets had missiles in Cuba (near Florida)

55. 46. Domino theory
Fear that communism will spread to neighboring countries especially in Southeast Asia i.e. Korea and Vietnam
Led to our involvement in two wars

56. 47. Civil Rights Movement 1950s and 1960s
Sought equal rights for African American
Used non-violence
Leader: Dr. King

57. 48. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Goals
Desegregation
Equal voting rights
Methods
Passive resistance
Sit-ins; marches, boycotts

58. 49-March on Washington Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr
“I Have a Dream” speech highlights inequality and struggles of African Americans

59. 50. Brown Vs. Board of Ed 1954 No more segregation
States did not follow this immediately
Led to desegregation (integration) of schools and facilities

60. 51- Women’s Rights Movement
Goals
Career choices
Equal pay
Equal treatment

61. 52. detente Try to end or ease Cold War tensions
Use diplomacy (negotiations)

62. Essay (60%)
Write about the contributions of two individuals discussed in this course.
Which people should you choose?
Focus on their contributions and how they impacted our nation.

63. Some examples?
Write the names of five people you might write about in your final exam essay.
Which ones would best fit the following criteria?
Made many contributions (list them)
Had an impact on U.S. history (list these impacts)