1. The Cold War Heats Up
EQ: How do wars begin?

2. Chinese Civil War Nationalists Communists Chiang Kai-shek
Supported by US ($$)
Southern & eastern China
Inflation & failing economy
Weak leadership, corruption, & low morale
Mao Zedong
Supported by Soviet Union
Northern China
Promised land reform
Popular amongst peasants

3. China Becomes Communist
Chiang Kai-Shek fled to Taiwan
People’s Republic of China formed
Americans stunned & fearful- containment didn’t work!

4. The Korean War

5. Post-WW2 Japan controlled Korea during WW2 Japanese…
North of 38th parallel surrendered to the Soviet Union
South of 38th parallel surrendered to the U.S.

6. Korea Divided Communist North Korea Democratic South Korea
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Capitol= Pyongyang
North Korea
South Korea
Democratic
Republic of Korea
Capitol= Seoul

7. Stage 1: North Korea Attacks South Korea
June only 500 American troops still in South Korea
USSR sent tanks, planes, $$ to aid North Korea
June North Korea push in South Korea
South Korea asks UN for help
520,000 troops
(90%=American)
Led by General Douglas MacArthur

8. North Korea had pushed South Korea all the way to the Pusan Perimeter
By Sept. 1950
North Korea had pushed South Korea all the way to the Pusan Perimeter

9. Stage 2: US in Korea
Sept UN troops land in Inchon on west coast and push north from Pusan and station ships along coast
North Koreans were surrounded fled back across 38th parallel

10. Stage 3: China Gets Involved
UN army chased North Korea all the way to Yalu River (border with China)
Seemed like Korea was going to be united again
China (Communist) freaked out- sent troops to help North Korea
Wanted North Korea as buffer and US to leave coastal waters

11. Stage 4: Stalemate
Chinese helped North Korea drive UN troops South back across 38th parallel
Bloody stalemate for 2 years

12. MacArthur Wants to Attack China
Wanted to end stalemate by using nuclear weapons in China
Truman refused
China and USSR had mutual assistance pact
Use of nuclear weapons could start WW3

13. MacArthur vs. Truman
MacArthur tried to go over the president’s head by publicly criticizing him
Truman (commander-in-chief) fired MacArthur
Public controversy

14. Stage 5: Settling for Stalemate
June 1951
Both sides agreed on 2 things:
Cease-fire line at 38th parallel
Demilitarized zone (DMZ) between the 2 sides

15. Effects High costs for an unsuccessful war
54,000 American soldiers died
$67 Billion spent
Americans reject Democrats & elect Eisenhower
Increased fear of communism and led to hunt for American communists

16. Truman accused of being soft on communism Set up Loyalty Review Board
Purpose: investigate government employees and dismiss those disloyal to the U.S. government
Investigated 3.2 million employees; dismissed 212; 2,900 resigned

17. House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Investigated communist influence in Hollywood

18. Believed hearings were unconstitutional & refused to answer questions
Hollywood Ten
Believed hearings were unconstitutional & refused to answer questions
Sent to prison
Hollywood blacklisted 500 actors, directors, writers, and producers
Careers ruined because they couldn’t get work

19. Spy Cases: Alger Hiss Accused of being a spy
U.S. unable to charge him with espionage, so they charge him with perjury (lying under oath)
Richard Nixon gained fame by pursuing charges against him
Eventually became President

20. Spy Cases: The Rosenbergs
Couple accused of leaking secrets about the atomic bomb to the Soviets
Especially scary for Americans because the Soviets exploded an atomic bomb at the same time, about 5 years earlier than Americans expected

21. Joseph McCarthy
Republican Senator from Wisconsin
Most famous anti-communist activist
Ineffective leader; needed a winning issue to be reelected

22. “McCarthyism” Played on American fears of communism in the 1950s
Recklessly accused many American officials and citizens of being communists based on rumor or guilt by association.

23. “McCarthyism”
Unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providing evidence

24. The Space Race Competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
Led the U.S. to fund math and science education

25. First artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union
Sputnik I
First artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union
Americans shocked at being beaten by Soviets
Began pouring money into own space program to catch up
One year later, launched own satellite

26. Eisenhower’s Open Skies Policy
At the 1955 Geneva Summit, Eisenhower proposed that both the USSR and US allow each other to fly in other’s air space
Rejected by Soviet Union

27. US began making secret high-altitude flights over USSR
U-2 Planes
US began making secret high-altitude flights over USSR
Infrared cameras took detailed pictures of troop movement and missile sites

28. U-2 Incident
Francis Gary Powers and his U-2 plane shot down in Soviet territory
Sentenced to 10 years in prison
Eisenhower denied that the US had been spying
Soviets had evidence and he was later forced to admit it but refused to apologize
Kruschev angrily called off summit planned between the US and USSR and denounced Eisenhower
Tensions worse than ever