1. An overview of the vast variety of life on Earth
The 5 Kingdoms
An overview of the vast variety of life on Earth

2. Encompasses 2 domains: Archaea, Prokaryota (Eubacteria); they’re all bacteria
Mono = one; all single celled
Prokaryotes = pro (before) + karyon (nucleus)
They evolved before cells with nuclei, & are unicellular.
17 phyla.
More than 10,000 species known and identified.
Ubiquitous (*they’re found everywhere!)
Archaea = Extremophiles; Eubacteria = Mesophiles
Superkingdom Monera

3. Typical Monerans

4. Kingdom Protista Protos = First; First cells with nuclei
Belong to domain Eukarya = Eu (true) + Karyon (nucleus)
Membership in this kingdom is defined by exclusion: they don’t fit the traits of other kingdoms.
Aquatic, microscopic; both heterotrophic & autotrophic
Asexual reproduction, in a variety of ways.
Can be Colonial, like bacteria.
27 phyla; Number of species unknown, but numerous.
Kingdom Protista

5. Typical Protists

6. Kingdom Fungi From Latin Fungus = mushroom
Mushrooms, mildews, molds, lichens
Multicellular Eukaryotes that reproduce by forming spores
incomplete cell boundaries allow flow of cytoplasm between cells
Heterotrophic saprobes = absorb their nutrients
Ecologically, act as decomposers
5 phyla, 70 genera, species estimated
Kingdom Fungi

7. Typical Fungi

8. Kingdom Plantae Latin for “Plants” (this gets easier, doesn’t it?)
Eukaryotes that reproduce sexually (flowers, seeds) and asexually (stolons, vegetative reproduction)
autotrophic – photosynthetic (photoautotrophs)
vascular (vessels for fluid transport) & non-vascular (no vessels, i.e. mosses)
Flowering plants divided into gymnosperms (cones) & angiosperms (true flowers, fruit)
10 phyla with 156 genera, approx species known.
Kingdom Plantae

9. Typical Plants

10. Kingdom Animalia Anima = soul, breath
Multicellular eukaryotes; ingest food – heterotrophic
reproduce sexually, with limited asexual reproduction
cells tightly joined by desmosomes & gap junctions
active motion, many modes - including flight
huge variations in size, anatomy, behaviour & habitat among members of this kingdom.
Kingdom Animalia

11. Typical Animals