1. Effects of Laterally Wedged Insoles on Knee and Subtalar Joint Moments
Wataru Kakihana, PhD, Masami Akai, MD, Kimitaka Nakazawa, PhD, Takamichi Takashima, PO, PhD, Kenji Naito, MS, Suguru Torii, MD 
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 
Volume 86, Issue 7, Pages (July 2005)
DOI: /j.apmr
Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
The models and coordinate systems of the subtalar joint and knee joint are shown. Abbreviations: Θ, angle; GRF, ground reaction force; M, moment; W, segment weight. Adapted with permission from Kakihana et al.11 Copyright by Am J Phys Med Rehabil.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Time percentage of stance phase for the moments at the knee and subtalar joints, angles at the knee and subtalar joints, and the vertical and ML components of the ground reaction forces when a subject walked with a 0° lateral wedge (N) versus when a subject walked with a 6° lateral wedge (W).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
The COP trajectory parallel to the subtalar joint axis. (A) All healthy elders and 11 of the 13 OA patients had a similar pattern, that is, a more lateral shift in the location of the COP with insole W. (B) In contrast, the 2 OA patients who had an increased knee joint varus moment when using insole W; they had a more medial shift in the location of their COP. Legend: ●, data for the insole with the 0° lateral wedge (N); , data for the insole with the 6° lateral wedge (W).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Relationship between the subtalar joint valgus moment and the knee joint varus moment when subjects walked with insoles with no wedge (N, ○) and a wedge with a 6° lateral angle (W, ●).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Relationship between the femorotibial angle and the knee joint varus moment with insole N for the healthy elders (n=13) and the OA patients (n=13). The linear regression line is shown by the solid line.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions