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Unit 4: Imperfect Competition
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Monopolistic Competition
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Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition:
Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic Competition Pure Monopoly Pure Monopoly Oligopoly Oligopoly Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition: Relatively Large Number of Sellers Differentiated Products Some control over price Easy Entry and Exit (Low Barriers) A lot of non-price competition (Advertising) Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Examples: Fast Food Restaurants Furniture companies Jewelry stores
Hair Salons Clothing Manufacturers Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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“Monopoly” + ”Competition”
Monopolistic Qualities Control over price of own good due to differentiated product D greater than MR Plenty of Advertising Not efficient Perfect Competition Qualities Large number of smaller firms Relatively easy entry and exit Zero Economic Profit in Long-Run since firms can enter Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Differentiated Products
Goods are NOT identical. Firms seek to capture a piece of the market by making unique goods. Since these products have substitutes, firms use NON-PRICE Competition. Examples of NON-PRICE Competition Brand Names and Packaging Product Attributes Service Location Advertising (Two Goals) 1. Increase Demand 2. Make demand more INELASTIC Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Differentiated Products
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Drawing Monopolistic Competition
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In the short-run, it is the same graph as a monopoly making profit
Monopolistic Competition is made up of prices makers so MR is less than Demand In the short-run, it is the same graph as a monopoly making profit P MC ATC P1 In the long-run, new firms will enter, driving down the DEMAND for firms already in the market. D MR Q Q1 9 Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Firms make products closer to ours so demand falls until there is no economic profit
MC ATC P1 D MR Q Q1 10 Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Price and quantity falls and TR=TC
Firms make products closer to ours so demand falls until there is no economic profit Price and quantity falls and TR=TC P MC ATC PLR D MR Q QLR 11
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Quantity where MR =MC up to Price = ATC
LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM Quantity where MR =MC up to Price = ATC P MC ATC PLR D MR Q QLR
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Why does DEMAND shift? When short-run profits are made…
New firms enter. New firms mean more close substitutes and less market shares for each existing firm. Demand for each firm falls. When short-run losses are made… Firms exit. Result is less substitutes and more market shares for remaining firms. Demand for each firm rises. Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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What happens when there is a loss?
In the short-run, the graph is the same as a monopoly making a loss ATC P MC P1 In the long-run, firms will leave, driving up the DEMAND for firms already in the market. D MR Q Q1 14 Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Firms leave so demand increases until there is no economic profit
ATC P MC P1 D MR Q Q1 15 Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Firms leave so demand increases until there is no economic profit
Price and quantity increase and TR=TC ATC P MC PLR D MR QLR Q 16 Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Are Monopolistically Competitive Firms Efficient?
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Long- Run Equilibrium Not Allocatively Efficient because P MC
Not Productively Efficient because not producing at Minimum ATC P ATC MC PLR D MR Q QLR QSocially Optimal 18 Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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This firm also has EXCESS CAPACITY
Long- Run Equilibrium This firm also has EXCESS CAPACITY P ATC MC PLR D MR Q QLR QSocially Optimal 19 Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Excess Capacity Given current resources, the firm can produce at the lowest costs (minimum ATC) but they decide not to. The gap between the minimum ATC output and the profit maximizing output. Not the amount underproduced Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Long- Run Equilibrium The firm can produce at a lower cost but it holds back production to maximize profit P ATC MC PLR D Excess Capacity MR Q QLR QProd Efficient 21 Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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Practice Question Assume there is a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium. If this firm were to realize productive efficiency, it would: A) have more economic profit. B) have a loss. C) also achieve allocative efficiency. D) be under producing. E) be in long-run equilibrium. Answer is B. Draw a monopolistic competitive graph in the long run. * Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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2008 Audit Exam 9.C
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Review Identify the 4 market structures.
Explain why D is greater than MR. Define Price Discrimination. List characteristics of monopolistic competition. List Monopolistic Qualities. List Competitive Qualities. List examples of non-price competition. List two goals of advertising. Name 10 types of Candy. Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015
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