1. CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN EASTERN AFRICA; Its causes and relationship to ENSO By Z.K.K. Atheru AND C. Mutai Drought Monitoring Centre, Nairobi (DMCN)
April 30, 2019

2. VULNERABILITY OF THE GHA TO THE IMPACTS OFCLIMATE EXTREMES AND NEED FOR MONITORING, PREDICTION AND TIMELY EARLY WARNING
Rainfall is the most important climatic factor to many African countries and its Inter-annual variability has a major impact on national economies
Weather and climate extremes such droughts and floods are quite common in eastern Africa
Climate extremes such as the recent floods and the 1999/2001 droughts in the GHA, are often associated with food, energy and water shortages, loss of life and property among many other socio-economic disruptions.
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3. SOME EXAMPLES OF THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE EXTREMES.
SOME EXAMPLES OF THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE
EXTREMES
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6. THE CLIMATE SYSTEM
Eastern Africa exhibits a large variety of complex topographical features that play an important role in modulating the global climate e.g. contrasts in its surface terrain, a large inland moisture source in the Congo region, large inland lakes, and many other inland processes.
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7. CLIMATE MONITORING
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8. PROCESSES THAT INFLUENCE CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER EASTERN AFRACA
Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
Intra-Seasonal Oscillations (MJO)
Quasi-Biennial Oscillations (QBO)
Tropical Cyclones
Jet streams
Sobtropical anticyclones
SST anomalies over Atlantic and Indian Oceans
Disturbances from the mid-latitudes
ENSO
Easterly waves
Equatorial westerlies
Meso-scale circulations
Monsoon circulation
April 30, 2019

9. NEED FOR MONITORING, PREDICTION AND TIMELY EARLY WARNING
Climate monitoring and skilful seasonal climate prediction is crucial for proper planning and management of all climate sensitive activities including agriculture, water resources and hydroelectric power supply, among many others.
Most Predictors for seasonal rainfall in the region are mainly based on SSTs and ENSO
SST anomalies over Indian and Atlantic Oceans are however the main cause of climate variability in the region
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10. ROLE OF ATLANTIC AND INDIAN OCEAN
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11. SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES
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12. LINKAGE WITH ENSO
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15. LINK BETWEEN ENSO AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN THE GHA
The Climate of the eastern Africa depict very strong seasonality. The climate anomalies that are associated with ENSO events are seasonal and location dependent.
Warm/Cold ENSO events are often, but not always, associated with below/above average rainfall amounts over most parts of the eastern Africa during the major rainfall seasons.
April 30, 2019

16. DMCN PRODUCTS DEKADAL PRODUCTS RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION.
DROUGHT SEVERITY.
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.
GENERAL IMPACTS.
WEATHER OUTLOOK
MONTHLY AND SEASONAL PRODUCTS
CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARIES
DROUGHT SEVERITY.
DORMINANT SYNOPTIC SYSTEMS.
CLIMATE OUTLOOK.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND THEIR IMPACTS.
PRE - SEASON CONSENSUS OUTLOOKS.
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17. GHA CONSENSUS CLIMATE OUTLOOK FOR MARCH TO MAY 2002
April 30, 2019