1. Civil War Reconstruction New South
CRCT Review Units 4 and 5

2. Unit 4: Civil War and Reconstruction
Standards and Elements:
SS8H5
SS8H6
SS8E1
SS8E2 (a.)
This is an essential question for this section of the chapter.

3. Causes of the Civil War
Slavery – The economy of southern states was based on agriculture (farming mainly of crops such as cotton). Slaves were thought to be a “necessary evil” in helping with the growing of crops.
States’ Rights - Belief that the state’s interests take precedence over interests of national government. Southern states believed they had the right to govern themselves and decide what would be best for their own situation (one example would be the issue of slavery).

4. Causes of the Civil War
Nullification – The Tariff of 1828 tried to protect northern factories from competition by forcing the south to pay additional taxes on products purchased from England. The south believed in nullification (the idea that they have the right not to follow a federal law).
Missouri Compromise – Missouri entered the U.S. as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state in Outlawed slavery north of 36°20' latitude (the southern border of Missouri), and included Louisiana Territory lands west of Missouri
Compromise of 1850 – California enters the U.S. as a free state. Also included the Fugitive Slave Act which required northern states to return runaway slaves to the south.

5. Causes of the Civil War
Georgia Platform – The North would support the Fugitive Slave Act and not ban slavery in new states in order to uphold the Compromise of Georgia was credited with preventing war and secession.
Kansas-Nebraska Act - Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. Those territories had right of popular sovereignty and could decide whether or not to allow slavery.
Dred Scott – Supreme Court case in 1857 Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and could not file lawsuits. Also, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not stop slavery in the territories.

6. Causes of the Civil War
Election of 1860 – Republican Party had formed after the Dred Scott case. It took an anti-slavery position. Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won the election of 1860 and became the American President.
Secession – Alexander Stephens, one of GA’s representatives in Congress, called for the south to remain loyal to the Union and voted against secession. Following many debates over what Georgia should do, Georgia decided to secede from the Union on January 21, 1861.

7. Causes of the Civil War Video
BrainPop – Civil War Causes YMS BrainPop Login Information: Username: wcyms Password: yms

8. Unit 4: Civil War and Reconstruction
I. Antebellum Georgia
Missouri Compromise
Georgia Platform
Kansas/Nebraska Act
Secession
Alexander Stephens
Compromise of 1850
Republican Party
States’ rights
Slavery
abolitionists
Nullification
Dred Scott
Abraham Lincoln
Industry/Factories
Cotton

9. Key Events of the Civil War
Antietam - Sept. 17, Bloodiest single day of the Civil War. Union Army defeated the Confederate Army (under the leadership of Robert E. Lee). About 2,000 Northerners and 2,700 Southerners were killed and 19,000 people were wounded.
Emancipation Proclamation – Issued by Abraham Lincoln. Stated that all slaves in any states in rebellion against the Union would become free on January 1,

10. Key Events of the Civil War
Gettysburg - July 1 to July 3, Union Army defeats the Confederates. Union suffers 23,000 Causalities (dead and wounded soldiers). Confederacy suffers 28,000casualities
Chickamauga – September Union troops were driven back to Chattanooga; Confederates did not follow-up on their victory. Union reinforcements later recaptured Chattanooga.
Union Blockade of GA’s Coast – The Union used naval ships to prevent the south from continuing to trade materials (such as cotton) with the British. Kept the south from having the materials necessary to continue to fight.

11. Key Events of the Civil War
Atlanta Campaign – William Tecumseh Sherman forced the confederate soldiers and citizens of Atlanta to retreat out of the city. His soldiers then proceeded to burn 90% of Atlanta.
The March to the Sea - Part of the Lay Waste Strategy - Sherman’s Union army destroys everything in its path, 300 miles from Atlanta to Savannah. A sixty mile-wide area is burned, destroyed, and ruined during a two- month period. Captured Savannah in 1864.

12. Key Events of the Civil War
Andersonville Prison, in southwest Georgia, was overcrowded, and offered poor food, contaminated water, and poor sanitation; 13,700 Union soldiers are buried there.
General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Virginia cannot defeat Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Petersburg; he surrenders his army at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, The Civil War was over.
620,000 people died during the war; about two-thirds died from diseases, wounds, or military prison hardships.

13. Civil War Video
BrainPop – Civil War YMS BrainPop Login Information: Username: wcyms Password: yms

14. Unit 4. Civil War and Reconstruction
II. Civil War
Naval blockade
Emancipation Proclamation
Antietam
Robert E. Lee
William T. Sherman
Andersonville
Chickamauga
Gettysburg

15. Reconstruction
After the Civil War the Union had to be reconstructed (bringing the north and south back together again).
Freedmen’s Bureau – Set up to assist freed slaves. Assisted them with food, clothing, shelter, education, and with getting jobs.
Many freed slaves became sharecroppers or tenant farmers. Sharecropping was a farming method in which a land owner loans farmers housing, seeds, and tools in return for part of the crop’s profits. Tenant farming was a similar system except the tenant farmer would provide their own seeds and tools and only rented land.

16. Changes in Government 13th Amendment – Outlawed slavery.
14th Amendment – Granted citizenship to freedmen and required “equal protection under the law” for all freed slaves.
15th Amendment – Gave all males the right to vote regardless of race.
Due to these amendments, African Americans (Henry McNeal Turner and other black legislators) won elections in Georgia for the first time.

17. Ku Klux Klan
Secret organization – originally started as a social club for men returning from the war.
Members hid behind robes and masks.
The group terrorized blacks to keep them from voting.

18. Unit 4. Civil War and Reconstruction
III. Reconstruction
Reconstruction
Sharecropping
Tenant farming
Lincoln’s plan
Johnson’s plan
Congressional plan
Freedman’s Bureau
13th amendment
Henry McNeal Turner
Reconstruction
14th Amendment
Ku Klux Klan
15th Amendment

19. Standards and Elements:
Unit 5: The New South
Standards and Elements:
SS8H7
SS8E3
This is an essential question for this section of the chapter.

20. Georgia in a New South
Bourbon Triumvirate - Powerful Democratic leaders, known as the “Bourbon Triumvirate” were Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon. Their goals were to expand Georgia’s economy and ties with industries in the North and maintain the tradition of white supremacy.
Henry Grady – Father of the New South. Wanted Georgia to advance to an industrial society that could compete with the north while also increasing the technology used in farming.
International Cotton Exposition – Designed to show the economic recovery that had taken place in the south by 1895.

21. Georgia in a New South
Tom Watson and the Populists – Worked to protect farmer’s rights while also helping them in their struggle with the “wealthy” people.
Rebecca Latimer Felton – Supporter of women’s suffrage (the right to vote). Helped increase social reform for women’s rights. Became the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate in 1922.
1906 Atlanta Race Riot – String of violence by whites against African Americans over two days in people were killed and hundreds were wounded.

22. Georgia in a New South
Leo Frank – Accused of killing Mary Phagan. Very little evidence against him but Frank was found guilty and sentenced to death. Frank was taken from the prison and lynched by a group calling themselves the Knights of Mary Phagan. This group later reformed as the KKK.
County Unit System - Plan designed to give small counties more power in state government. People could be elected to office without getting a majority of votes. Declared unconstitutional in 1962.

23. Rebecca Latimer Felton Henry Grady Tom Watson
Unit 5: The New South
I. Economics of the New South
Bourbon Triumvirate
Populist Party
Rebecca Latimer Felton
Henry Grady
Tom Watson
International Cotton Exposition
1906 Atlanta Riot
Leo Frank
Knights of Mary Phagan
County Unit System
Coca-Cola

24. African Americans in the New South
Jim Crow Laws - Laws passed to separate blacks and whites.
Plessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court decision which approved Jim Crow laws – decision in place until 1954
Laws created to keep African Americans in Georgia from voting (disenfranchisement)
Poll tax: a tax paid to vote
Voters had to own property
Voters had to pass a literacy test (which was determined by the poll worker and could be different for different people).
Grandfather clause: only those men whose fathers or grandfathers were eligible to vote in 1867 could vote

25. Civil Rights Leaders
Booker T. Washington - President of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Worked to improve the lives of African Americans through economic independence. Believed social and political equality would come with improved economic conditions and education. Delivered the famous “Atlanta Compromise” speech in 1895.
W. E. B. DuBois - Professor at Atlanta University. Believed in “action” if African Americans and whites were to understand and accept each other. Thought Booker T. Washington was too accepting of social injustice.

26. Civil Rights Leaders
John and Lugenia Burns Hope - Civil rights leader from Augusta, GA. President of Atlanta University. Like DuBois, believed that African Americans should actively work for equality. Part of group that organized NAACP. Hope’s wife, Lugenia, worked to improve sanitation, roads, healthcare and education for African American neighborhoods in Atlanta.
Alonzo Herndon - Purchased Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company (a small insurance company) and managed it well in Now one of the largest African American businesses in the US. Worth over $200 million and operates in 17 states.

27. W.E.B. DuBois John Hope Alonzo Herndon NAACP Populist Party
Unit 5: The New South
II. Social/Political Change
Jim Crow Laws
Disenfranchiseme nt
Literacy test, poll tax, white primary
Plessy v. Ferguson
racial
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. DuBois
John Hope
Alonzo Herndon
NAACP
Populist Party
Lugenia Burns Hope

28. World War I (WWI)
On June 28, 1914, an assassin gunned down Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary believed that Serbia's government was behind the assassination.
When the fighting began, the Allied Powers -- France, Russia, and Great Britain backed Serbia. They opposed the Central Powers, made up of Austria-Hungary and Germany.
It seized the opportunity to declare war on Serbia and settle an old feud.
After the sinking of American Cargo ships (and the Lusitania) and the Zimmerman Telegram America entered the war.
On November 11, 1918, Germany surrendered ending what President Wilson called “the war to end all wars”

29. GA’s Contributions to WWI
±100,000 Georgians volunteered to join the US armed forces
Training in Georgia at Camp Benning, Fort McPherson, Camp Gordon, and Camp Hancock helped Georgia economy
Camps trained soldiers and served as prison camps for POWs (prisoners of war)
Georgians contributed manufactured goods and farm produce
3,000 young Georgians killed in the war

30. World War I Video
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31. Unit 5: The New South Zimmermann Telegram, German threat to shipping
III. Georgia and the Great War
Zimmermann Telegram, German threat to shipping
Train soldiers
Prison camps (POWs)
Allied
Woodrow Wilson
Central
Germany
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Alliances
sinking of Lusitania/German threat to shipping