1. Computers and Technology in Health Care
Chapter 12

2. Spelling Words/Terms echocardiograph computerized tomography
image-guided surgery pulse oximeter
magnetic resonance imaging telemedicine
ultrasonography positron emission tomography
radiation therapy telepharmacies

3. Da Vinci Robot dance off

4. Diagnosis - determining what is wrong with the patient
How is that done?
Take a medical history
Perform a physical exam
May order tests

5. Diagnostics
Invasive diagnostics - test or procedure entering the body (ex. IV, blood test)
Noninvasive diagnostics - test or procedure that does not enter the body or require an opening in the body (ex. blood pressure, x ray, ultrasound)

6. Echocardiograph
Directs sound waves into heart then computer converts the reflection of waves into an image of the heart.
What is it used for? Evaluate heart function, shows defects in the heart wall or problems with heart valves.

7. Robotic Surgery Robotic Surgery - computer assisted surgery
Surgeon operates or some maneuvers may be preprogrammed into the system and the surgeon supervises
Benefits? More precise movements, decreased bleeding, faster recovery, incisions can be smaller

8. Robotic surgery ( computer-assisted surgery)

9. Let’s Review

10. Computerized Tomography
Diagnostics
CT scan
Computerized Tomography
Introduced in 1972
Noninvasive
Uses X-ray to see clear, cross-sectional views

11. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Diagnostics
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Patient is placed on a large magnet that measures the activity of hydrogen ions inside the body and creates an image.
Uses nuclear magnetic resonance instead of X ray radiation

12. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Diagnostics
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Who cannot have an MRI done?
Patients with pacemakers or metal implants.

13. Positron Emission Tomography
Diagnostics
PET
Positron Emission Tomography
Radioactive substance injected into patient
Three dimensional image detected
Allows doctor to see organ or bone from all sides

14. Uses high frequency sound waves
Diagnostics
Ultrasonography
Noninvasive
Uses high frequency sound waves
Can be used to detect tumors, blood vessel problems, examine shape and size of organs, used in pregnancy

15. Treatment
Image-Guided surgery
Preoperative and intraoperative images are used to guide or direct surgery
Benefits - incisions are smaller, surgeons can see path of the instrument, avoid critical areas

16. Treatment
Radiation Therapy
Uses high energy particles to decrease the size of tumors and treat cancer
Prior to using radiation therapy, CTs, MRIs, PETs taken to produce a detailed image of tumor and surrounding tissue
May be used to cure cancer or used as a palliative treatment if cure not possible

17. Define Terms Pulse Oximeter (page 316) Telemedicine (page 320)
Telepharmacies (page 320)

18. Technology use in different therapies -
Ultrasound - physical therapists use as form of deep heat therapy, the sound waves use heat and gentle massage to
Reduce swelling
Increase blood flow
Decrease pain, stiffness, muscle spasms

19. Technology use in different therapies - (continued)
Hearing assistive technology help people with hearing impairments
Amplification in phones,doorbells, alarms
Hearing aids
Cochlear implants
Cochlear Implant

20. Technology use in patient monitoring -
Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate
Pulse oximeter (monitors oxygen level of blood)
Fetal heart rate monitor
Incubators for premature babies monitor temperature, humidity, oxygen levels, light therapy for jaundice ( yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes)
Wrist or ankle bracelets with GPS for dementia patients

21. Checking a patient’s pacemaker by phone
Communication
Telemedicine - using video, audio and computer systems to provide medical care
Checking a patient’s pacemaker by phone
Patients can communicate with physicians
from long distance
Physicians electronically transmitting test
results to another physician for consultation
Telepharmacies - Prescriptions sent electronically to a computerized dispensing unit. The unit prepares and dispenses the medication and then it is mailed to patient or facility.

22. Computer Protection and Security
How a health care worker can maintain confidentiality when using the computer
Keep password confidential
Do not let anyone else see keyboard when entering password
Others should not be able to read screen when patient information is displayed
Clear the screen before leaving the work area
Do not download s from unknown parties
Discarded hard copies or printouts should be shredded