1. POWDER AND GRANULES FADHILAH FAIROZA FATIN HUSNA
HHV 5014
NUTRACEUTICAL FORMULATION TECHNOLOGY
POWDER AND GRANULES
FADHILAH FAIROZA FATIN HUSNA

2. CONTENT Introduction of granules Advantages of granules
Introduction of powder
Particle size of powder
Factor affected by particle size
Particle size analysis
Disadvantages
Introduction of granules
Advantages of granules
Granulation methods
Conclusion

3. introduction of powder
Powder is a mixture of finely divided drugs and/or chemicals in dry form.
Can be taken orally by some patients who are unable to swallow other solid dosage forms such as capsules and tablets.
Powdered drugs are frequently added to other ingredient to make ointments, pastes, suppositories, and others.

4. particle size of powder
Particle size of powders is standardized according to the USP descriptive terms
Such as:
very fine
Fine
moderately coarse
Coarse
very coarse.
Leaves or plants which have bioactive compounds can be prepared in powder forms for extraction of the compounds.
Animal pancreas may be prepared into powder to extract insulin.

5. Factor affected by particle size
The dissolution rate of particles is dependent on the particle size.
In suspension preparation, it is important to have a good suspendability (i.e., ability to maintain uniform dispersion in liquid vehicle) of particles.
intrarespiratory applications- size range is 1–5 µm
In dermal( ointment / cream)- use fine particle 50– 100 µm

6. Particle size analysis
Light scattering
Sedimentation rate
Sieving
Gas adsorption

7. Microscopy
Coulter counter

8. disadvantages Misunderstand the correct method
Difficult to protect powders containing hygroscopic from decomposition.
Powder must be a homogeneous blend
High cost of production to make uniform powder
Undesirable to take bitter tasting drugs

9. granules

10. Introduction of granules
Granules are agglomerates of powdered materials prepared into larger, free flowing particles.
They typically fall within the range of 850 µm (No. 20 sieve) to 4.75 mm (No. 4 sieve) size.
The shape of granules is generally irregular.

11. Advantages of granules
Granules flow better than powders.
Granules increase compressibility.
more easily wetted by a solvent
produce particle-size uniformity

12. Granulation methods Wet granulation Dry granulation
Liquid binder or an adhesive that added to the powder mixture
Dry granulation
Formed by compacting large masses of the powder mixture and subsequently crushing into pieces.
Fluid bed granulation
Sprayed onto the suspended particles that are then dried rapidly in the suspending air.

13. Conclusion
Powder dosage forms are versatile flexible in dosage strength relatively stable and also convenient to manufacturer, store ,handle and use. It is possible to reduce them to desired particle size and thus facilitate rapid absorption.
Granulation is the act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains . It normally commences after initial dry mixing of the necessary powdered ingredients so that a uniform distribution of each ingredient through the mix is achieved.