1. Why is there a high concentration of young workers and female migrants?5
2. Why has migration become increasingly complex?
Key Ideas
Content
2a. Global migration patterns are influenced by a multitude of inter-related factors.
Changes in the 21st century have increased the complexity of global migration.
High concentration of young workers and female migrants.

2. What are the main reasons for international migration by younger workers?

3. What are the main reasons for international migration by younger workers?
=ECONOMIC!
Greater employment opportunities.
Higher wages.
Possibility of remittance.

4. Task: Examine the recent recruitment advertisements for the UAE
Task: Examine the recent recruitment advertisements for the UAE. Tally up the average number of jobs often taken by women and men (stereotypically).

5. Young labour driven migration:
Numbers in the UAE have increased dramatically in the 21st century from 2.45million in 2000 to 7.83 million in 2013.
Flows dominated by young males, with a high proportion working in construction.
The majority are low skilled, many not educated beyond primary level.
Only 3.6% of migrants were employed in health, and 2.6% in education sectors.
Why has UAE received a massive increase in migration during the period?
Why have these flows been dominated by young males?
What are the attractions of workers from say India to the UAE?

6. The age-sex distribution of international migrants in Asia and Europe 2013.
Skills
Focus:
Compare the population structure of international migrations of Asia and Europe.
Discuss reasons for the main differences in age-sex structure.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the population pyramid technique used to show age-sex distribution of migrants.

7. Female Migrants: Global increase in the 21st C.
In 2013, 52% of all migrants in developed countries were female/ 46% in developing countries.
Female participation in international migration exceeded that of men regionally in Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania.
The opposite was the case in Africa and Asia.
What reasons could account for this global increase?

8. Percentage of women among all international migrants, 1990, 2000, 2013

9. Female Migrants:
“In the last two decades growth in the number of female migrants can be accounted for by their greater independence, status, freedom and increasing importance as main income earners.”
Examine the statement above and give some examples of these.

10. Percentage of females among international migrants, 2013.
In 2013 there were 101 countries in which the female international migrant stock was greater than men. Which countries have the highest stock?

11. Percentage of females among international migrants, 2013.
Highest:
Latvia, 60%
Estonia, 59.8%
Poland, 58.8%
Venezuela, ?
Lowest:
Bangladesh, 13.4%
What do you know about these mentioned countries? Why might they have received the highest/lowest numbers of female migrants?

12. Highly Skilled Female Migrants:
tertiary educated women migrants in OCED countries increased by 80%.
Emigration of female graduates and other highly skilled women was higher than that of highly skilled/educated men for African and Latin American countries.
Main destinations include Canada, USA, UK and Israel- these are countries which have less discrimination in the labour market and better women’s right.
What reasons could account for this global increase?

13. Why do you think numbers of women refugees have increased?
Refugees by Gender:
Why do you think numbers of women refugees have increased?

14. Challenges experienced by
women migrants:
Skilled Female Migrants:
Female Refugees:
Social:
Economic:
Political:

15. Challenges experienced by
women migrants:
Skilled Female Migrants:
Female Refugees:
Social:
Racism
Violence
Exploitation
Vulnerable to traffickers
Possible poor language skills
Hostility
Segregation
Economic:
Low skilled
No work permit
Reliance on others
Political:
Discrimination
No voice

16. Why is there a high concentration of young workers and female migrants?5
2. Why has migration become increasingly complex?
Key Ideas
Content
2a. Global migration patterns are influenced by a multitude of inter-related factors.
Changes in the 21st century have increased the complexity of global migration.
High concentration of young workers and female migrants.