1. Pathways to Farming 4 Plant growth, Seeds & compost
Emma Maxwell

2. Over view Recap Questions Plant Growth & Environmental conditions
Types of seed & Seed purchasing
Potting mixes
Succession

3. Re-cap
Plant Families
Crop calculator

5. Plant needs
Light
Water
Air
Nutrients
Substrate
Correct temperature

6. Light
Plant adaptions to light
Pumpkins native to north america

7. Water Too much Too little No soil oxygen Anaerobic
Toxic build up of ethanol in roots
Root die back
Leaf wilt
Stomata shut down
Reduced respiration
Ultimate death

8. Air Good air flow reduces humidity leading to fungal diseases Too much
Wind can reduce growth by 20-25%

9. Nutrients Major nutrient N, P, K Secondary Ca, Mg, S Minor nutrients
Magnesium for chlorophyll
Sulphur- An essential component of amino acids and hormones as well as plant oils.

10. History of potting compost
Seed sowing 2:1:1
2 parts loam
1 part peat/ peat substitute
1 part coarse sand
Fertilisers (Chalk & Phosphate)
Potting mix 7:3:2
Fertilisers (hoof and horn meal, superphosphate, sulphate of potash)
Head gardeners
Standardising mixes
John Innes
Soil less composts
Peat alternatives
Advantages of soil based compost
Trace elements
Water holding

11. Substrate
The material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment
Organic Potting mixes
Coir
Bracken
Wood chip
fine bark
wood fibre
Green compost
Hop waste
Soil
Hydroponics
Rockwool/stonewool
Perlite/Vermiculite
Expanded clay pellets
Sand
Gravel
Sawdust
Coconut fiber
Oasis cubes

12. Creating the correct temperature

13. Science & termonology

14. Photosynthesis
sunlight
6C02 + 6H C6H
Chlorophyll

15. Respiration The intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy released)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

16. Transpiration
The process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to aerial parts of the plant where it evaporates.

20. Plant Nutrients Major Minor Iron Nitrogen (N) Manganese Phosphorus (P)
(Trace elements)
Iron
Manganese
Copper
Zinc
Boron
molybdenum
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Magnesium (Mg)
Calcium (Ca)
Sulphur (S)

23. Plant growth regulators

24. Auxin
Auxin is a plant hormone responsible for controlling the direction of growth of root tips and stem tips in response to different stimuli including light and gravity.

25. Auxin Made at the tips of stems and roots.
Moved in solution to older parts of the stem and root where it changes the elasticity of the cells.
More elastic cells absorb more water and grow longer, causing bending in the stem or root.

26. Apical dominance Apical bud produces an auxin (IAA)
Inhibits growth of the lateral buds further down on the stem towards the axillary bud.

27. This can happen naturally, due to grazing mammals
Pruning
The selective removal of parts of a plant, such as branches, buds, or roots.
This can happen naturally, due to grazing mammals

28. Roots
Anchors
Storage organs
Absorption

30. Storage organs Bulb – Corm – Tubers – Rhizome –
Root of many concentric coats or layers
Corm –
Reduced, compact underground stem
Tubers –
Swollen stem
or root
Rhizome –
Horizontally growing shoots

32. Root structure

33. N fixing nodules

34. Growing media
Peat free, organic, coir, wool, bracken
Lets take a look