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Buffered Steiner Trees for Difficult Instances
Charles J. Alpert, Gopal Gandham, Milos Hrkic, John Lillis, Jiang Hu, Andrew B. Kahng, Bao Liu, Stephen T. Quay, Sachin S. Sapatnekar, Andrew J. Sullivan
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Min-Cost Steiner Tree Late 1980s
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Timing-driven Steiner Tree
Early 1990s
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Buffered Steiner Tree Mid 1990s
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Blockage Aware Trees Present
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Ripping out Synthesis Trees
Ugly pre-PD buffered trees Inverted sinks Trivial van Ginneken/Lillis change Normal sinks: one positive candidate Inverted sinks: one negative candidate No big deal
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Or Is It? _ +
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But Look What Happens _ +
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Buffer Aware Trees
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The Texas Two Step Optimal Unrouted net with placed pins Construct
Buffered Steiner Tree Construct Steiner Tree Dynamic Programming Buffer Insertion Simultaneous Tree Construction And Buffer Insertion Optimal
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C-Tree Algorithm A-, B-, H-, O-, P-, trees taken Cluster sinks by
Polarity Manhattan distance Criticality Two-level tree Form tree for each cluster Form top-level tree
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C-Tree Example
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Net n8702 (44 sinks) C-Tree (9) 258 11 4386 0.9 C-Tree (2) 355 9 7688
Algorithm Worst slack buffers wire CPU Time C-Tree (9) 258 11 4386 0.9 C-Tree (2) 355 9 7688 1.5 Flat C-Tree -101 26 4061 1.4 P-Tree 99 19 4089 4.1 BP-Tree 295 21 4119 861
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Net n8702
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Flat C-Tree
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C-Tree 4 clusters
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C-Tree 2 clusters
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Difficult Steiner Instances
Polarity/size makes it hard 3d trade-off Timing Buffers Wire length Work on it!
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