1. Applications of Genetic Engineering

2. Transgenic Organisms
All living organisms share the same genetic code, so it is possible to produce transgenic organisms which have genes from other organisms.
Biotechnology is a growing industry that is changing the way we interact with the living world.
Bacteria are particularly useful since they reproduce rapidly and are easy to grow.
Human proteins like insulin can be produced abundantly and inexpensively by inserting genes for human proteins into bacteria.

3. Transgenic Animals Uses of transgenic animals:
Study the effects of human diseases in mice
Faster growth of livestock
Chickens resistant to bacterial infections
Sheep and pigs that produce human proteins

4. Transgenic Plants
Many plant products in the USA are genetically modified (GM).
Examples: corn, soybeans, zucchini, sugar, squash, papaya, canola oil
Why? Resistance to weed-killing chemicals, natural insecticide, resistance to viruses, resistant to rot, and additional vitamins (like vitamin A in rice)

5. GMO’s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2G- yUuiqIZ0 (Papaya)
5F-A (GMO vs. Organic)
bLEJ0 (Cons of GMOs)

6. Cloning
Clone: a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell
In 1997, a Scottish scientist (Ian Wilmut) cloned a sheep, which was named Dolly.
The process:
1. Remove the nucleus from an egg cell,
2. Replace it with a cell of the clone,
3. Fuse the cells by an electric shock,
4. Put the embryo into a foster mother to develop
Raises serious ethical issues, such as the possibility of cloning a human.

8. Cloning
wR20