1. Exploration and Expansion

2. Prediction
What motivated explores to risk their lives on dangerous voyages to the ends of the Earth?

3. Motives
Europeans wanted to trade with Asia for things such as spices and precious metals
Land routes were blocked by enemies
People wanted to spread Christianity
Explorers wanted the glory of being part expanding their country
“God, glory, and gold”

4. In Your Own Words
“God, glory, and gold” are three words to describe the motives of European explorers. What are three other words you could use?

5. Portuguese Explorers
Portugal began exploring down the western coast of Africa looking for gold
Vasco da Gama found a route to India by going around the tip of Africa in 1498
He brought back spices and made a profit of several thousand percent
If you bought $100 dollars worth of spices, how much would you make?

6. Spanish Explorers
Educated Europeans knew the world was round but not how large it was
The Spanish sailed west to find an alternate route to India
Christopher Columbus set sail and landed in Cuba
Ferdinand Magellan was the first to make it around the globe as he sailed down the coast of South America and arrived in the Philippines

8. Who gets what?
Spain and Portugal both were concerned who was going to claim the new territories
They signed the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494
Created a line from north to south through the Atlantic Ocean and the easternmost part of South American continent.
East would be Portugal, west would be Spain

10. The “New World”?
There were several civilizations that had already been thriving in the Americas
The Spanish took over the Aztec and Inca civilizations
Both put up a fight however disease made it hard for them to fight back
Spanish brought their religion and society
Catholic monks converted Native Americans
Missionaries brought parishes, schools, and hospitals

11. The Columbian Exchange
Spanish Queen Isabella declared the Spanish settlers “encomienda”
This allowed them to use Native Americans as laborers
Was supposed to protect them but did not work
Started plantations and ranches to raise sugar, cotton, vanilla, livestock and other exports
Began exchanging with Europe creating the Columbia Exchange

12. What could you have done?
Queen Isabella’s plan failed. Do you think they could have done anything to protect the Native Americans?

13. Not just Spain and Portugal
The English, Dutch, and French all became involved in exploration and trade
The Dutch created the East India Company to trade in the Indian Ocean
They all began colonizing in the Americas
England took over the entire east coast of North America
But Spain still had the largest area controlling all of Latin America

14. Prediction
What do you think happens next?