1. Who Which When Where Whose
Relatives
Who
Which
When
Where
Whose

2. Defining or non-defining
- They provide essential information about the subject. If we took out this data the sentence would be incomplete:
«The school where Jhon learnt french was expensive»
Non- defining:
- They add extra information about their antecedent, that is why it goes between commas.
«Your mobile phone wich is silver is same that mine»

3. Pronouns Who/That : Refer to people
- «Jhon who is tall arrived to the windows»
Which/That : Refers to objects and animals
- «The swimP3 wich uses new technology is a great device»
WHEN / THAT: Refer to a moment in time
- «You will understand it when we have finished»
Where: Refers to a particular place
- «The street where I live is pretty long»
Whose: Refers to possession
- «Those metal whose dust is dangerous is in your bag»

4. Remember THAT can never be used between commas
THAT / WHICH / WHO can be omitted when they are not the subject of the relative clause:
- «The bag (which) he is carrying is very heavy»
- «Have you seen the photograph (wich) Ann took?»
WHY can be omitted or changed by THAT
- « Explain me why/that it is broken »
When the verb in the relative clause is followed by a preposition (on, to, for, with…):
- Formal way: David is a great colleague IN WHOM I can trust
- Informal way: David is a great colleague (WHO) I can trust IN

5. ACTIVITIES
Combine the sentences using a relative pronoun. Make any necessary changes:
1) Dr Smith is retiring. He is an excelent doctor.
Dr Smith, who is an excellent doctor, is retiring
2) A lady knocked on our door. I didn’t recognise her.
A lady, who I didn’t recognise, knocked on our door
3) The tour group visited Stratford-upon-Avon.Shakespeare was born here
The tour group visited Stratford-upon-Avon where Shakespeare was born.

6. ACTIVITIES
4) Our TV broke down again last night. We’ve had it for years
Our TV, which we’ve had for years, broke down again last night
5) Show me the article. You wrote it for paper.
Show me the article which you wrote for the paper.
6) Her dress was gorgeous. It probably cost a lot of Money
Her dress, which it probably costs a lot of money, was gorgeous.
7) This is the time. We usually meet at this moment.
This is the time when we usually meet.

7. ACTIVITIES Here’s the shop where I bought my new hat.
8) Here’s the shop. I bought my new hat here.
Here’s the shop where I bought my new hat.
9) That’s the woman. Her pourse was stolen.
That’s the women whose purse was stolen.
10) Indian food is very hot. It has got lots of spices in it
Indian food, which has got lots of spices, is very hot.
11) I will introduce you to kate. Her exhibition is opening next week
I will introduce you to kate whose exhibition is opening next week.

8. 1.- When
3.- Who/That
5.- WhEre
Super-thumbs
2.- Which
4.- WhICH/that
6.- Who
7.- WhEre
Nowadadays, (1 ) text messaging is so common, young people are becoming physically different to the previous generation. Their thumbs, (2) they use to type messages, are now more muscular and flexible.This was discovered by Dr Sadie Plant, a researcher (3) works deals with relationship between technology and people. Plant also found that young people today use their thumbs for jobs (4) were traditionally done by the index finger, such as pointing at things or ringing doorbells. In Japan, the country (5) this change is the most obvius, people under 25 call themselves «the thumb generation». For the Japanese, (6) value quiet and don’t like disturbing others, messaging is often preferable to speaking. This is especially true on trains, (7) talking on mobile phone is forbidden.

9. The end
And remember…
THATcan never be used between commas
be used
can