3. Center of urban settlement.
Umayyad mesjid –
transept and large gable.
Maqsura place for ruler in mesjid.
Mihrab and niche
Umayyad and Abbasid – different
between parts of mesjid.
In Cordoba – create hierarchy zone
Minaret – Damascus
- Samarra
- Al-Qayrawan
indicate central mesjid of city
Later tarnsformation of mesjid
Large-dome
Iwan

4. Ottoman influence
large dome and half-domes
Functions mesjids:
move out of mesjid to
specialize institution –
madrasah & dar al-adl
Mesjid become more sacred.
One millenium – mesjid become
Very simple.
cleanness
oriented Mekkah
Hall for prayer
Place for ablution is a necessary.
Traditional mesjid:
Inner Oman – Relfect Ibadi
simplicity and austerity
Located on elevated terrace with staircase through gateway
Front wall doesn’t present any particular decoration

5. 2-doors placed at equal distance
From center.
Little niche as external mihrab
Little dome at left corner of flat roof.
Rectangluar prayer hall is separated
In 2 naves by arcades of 4-arches
Supported by 3 columns.
2 doors give to lateral opening
Middle axis has central column.
Lit-up by window left and right.
Height of ceiling allows hot air to rise
And create circulation through windows
And small openings.

7. Simplicity – basic economic needs.
Oasis economy.

8. Some mesjids having arcades allow
A direct view across the prayer hall
To the mihrab.
The buma on the roof mark the mesjid
Form other building.
Also the elevated position.
Location near the gate of a walled
Neighbourhood.

9. Plat form
Stucco mihrab
Large elevated terrace
Massive buttress
Door at lateral sides
Round tower.
Arcades running parallel with
4 bays each

10. Kufic styles
The plasticity of the column and
Niches of the mihrab and the fine
Relief of the stucco ornament
Learly accentuate
The qibla wall.