1. Animal Characteristics

2. Animal Traits Multicellular Complex patterns of development
Single-celled zygote to multicellular adult
Heterotroph
Internal processes
Break down materials from the environment
Ingest food into internal gut
Most animals move
Specialized muscle tissue & body plan

3. Animal Body Plans Body plan Integrated functioning of its parts
Four key features
Symmetry
Structure of the Body cavity
The Segmentation
External Appendages

4. Body Plan Symmetry Asymmetrical Spherical Symmetry Radial Symmetry
No plane of symmetry
Spherical Symmetry
Body parts radiate out a central point
Radial Symmetry
One main access body parts are arranged
Bilateral Symmetry
Mirror image
Animals that move

5. Body Cavities Coelom Internal body cavity fully lined with mesoderm
Body organs suspended in this cavity

6. Body Cavities Acoelomate animals Pseudocoelomate animals
have solid bodies filled with cells
Pseudocoelomate animals
have a functional body cavity NOT fully lined with mesoderm

7. Body Plan Structure Body cavities act as a hydrostatic skeleton
Acoelomate (ex. Flatworm)
Lack enclosed, fluid filled body cavity
Space between gut
Pseudocoelomate
Pseudocoel – fluid-filled space where internal organs are suspended
Enclosed by muscle
No mesoderm surrounding internal organs
Coelomate
Coelom – body cavity that develops within the mesoderm
Lined with peritoneum (muscular tissue)
Body cavities act as a hydrostatic skeleton
Invertebrate animals

9. Body Plan Segmentation Bodies divided into segments
Allows animals to alter the shape of its body

10. Body Plan Appendages Enhance locomotion Tube feet Specialized limbs
Obtain food, avoid predators, find mates
Tube feet
Move slowly across the substratum
Specialized limbs
Highly controlled, rapid movement
Jointed limbs
Arthropods

11. How Animals Get Their Food
Filter feeders
Capture small organisms delivered by their environment
Air, water
Straining device to filter the food
Can be motile or sessile

12. How Animals Get Their Food
Herbivores eat plants
Feed on plants
Usually without killing them
Long, complex guts to digest

13. How Animals Get Their Food
Predators
Capture & subdue large prey
Sensitive sensory organs to locate prey
Sharp teeth/claws
Some have toxins

14. How Animals Get Their Food
Parasites
Live in a host & consumes parts of the organism
Endoparasites
Live inside host
Ectoparasites
More morphologically complex

15. How Animals Get Their Food
Detritivores/ Scavenger
Feed on dead organic material

16. Movement Sessile Sedentary Motile Attached & non-moving
sponges
Sedentary
move very little
clam
Motile
Animals that can move; Have muscular tissue to provide energy for movement
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17. SESSILE
SEDENTARY
Chiton
Sponge
MOTILE
Cheetah
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18. Reproduction All animals are capable of sexual reproduction
Some reproduce asexually
Hermaphrodites
produce both egg & sperm
Hermaphrodites may exchange sperm and NOT fertilize their own eggs
Parthenogenesis
Females produce eggs, but the eggs develop without being fertilized
New offspring will be all female

19. Parthenogenesis in the Komodo Dragon
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20. Developmental Patterns
Zygote (fertilized egg) undergoes rapid cell divisions called cleavage
Forms a hollow ball of cells called the blastula
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21. Developmental Patterns
Cleavage
First few cell divisions of a zygote
Cell divisions without cell growth
the cytoplasm is divided into smaller and smaller cells, called blastomeres
Cleavage Patterns
Influenced by the amount of the yolk (nutritive material- nourishes the embryo)

22. Developmental Patterns
Gastrulation
Hollow ball 1 cell thick forms cup-shape
Blastopore
Opening of the cavity
Becomes the mouth (protostomes) OR
Becomes the anus (deuterostomes)
layers of an embryo are formed and the body plan of the mature organism is established

23. Embryonic Development
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24. Germ Layers Form tissues, organs, & systems Ectoderm (outer)
NOT present in sponges
Ectoderm (outer)
forms skin, nerves, sense organs
Endoderm (inner)
forms liver and lungs
Mesoderm (middle)
forms muscles & other systems
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25. Major Groups of Invertebrates Web-quest