1. Lesson 10.1
Cells and Life

2. Vocabulary cell theory carbohydrate macromolecule lipid protein
nucleic acid

3. Essential Questions
How did scientists’ understanding of cells develop? 1
What basic substances make up a cell? 2

4. Building Blocks Explore Activity
Color in the squares according to the following information:
is Yellow
is Blue
is Black

5. Understanding Cells
More than 300 years ago, an English scientist named Robert Hooke built a microscope. He used the microscope to look at cork, which is part of a cork oak tree’s bark. What he saw looked like the openings in a honeycomb. The openings reminded him of the small rooms, called cells, where monks lived. He called the
structures cells, from the Latin word cellula (SEL yuh luh), which means “small rooms.”
(t)Riorita/E+/Getty Images, (b)Science Source

6. Basic Cell Substances
These substances, called macromolecules, form by joining many small molecules together. As you will read
later in this lesson, macromolecules have many important roles in cells. But macromolecules cannot function without one of the most important substances in cells—water.

7. Macromolecules
All cells contain other substances that enable them to function. Recall that macromolecules are large molecules that form when smaller molecules join together.

8. Mini-Assessment 1.
The picture below shows salt (NaCl) dissolved in water (H2O). Which statement is true?
Chloride is attracted to the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule. A
CORRECT
Sodium is attracted to the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule. B
Neither sodium nor chloride is attracted to the atoms in a water molecule. C
Sodium and chloride are attracted to the oxygen atoms in a water molecule. D

9. Mini-Assessment 2.
Which type of macromolecules helps a cell break down food?
lipids A
proteins B
CORRECT
carbohydrates C
nucleic acids D

10. Mini-Assessment 3.
Genetic information is stored in which macromolecule?
proteins A
lipids C
DNA B
carbohydrates D
CORRECT

11. Mini-Assessment 4. One example of a carbohydrate that stores energy is
fat. A
keratin. C
hair. B
sugar. D
CORRECT

12. Mini-Assessment 5.
An amoeba can divide and form two new identical amoebas. Which macromolecules are copied and pass genetic information to new cells?
lipids A
carbohydrates C
proteins B
nucleic acids D
CORRECT

13. Mini-Assessment 6. Cholesterol is which type of macromolecule? lipid
carbohydrate C
CORRECT
protein B
nucleic acid D

14. Mini-Assessment 7. Which is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
all living things are made of one or
more cells? A
All cells are exactly the same. C
CORRECT
The cell is the basic unit of life B
All new cells come from preexisting
cells. D