1. Introduction to Global Network on Energy For Sustainable Development (GNESD), Workshop Background and Objectives Workshop on Identifying Barriers to Clean Energy Access 27 June 2014 Yangon, Myanmar Asian Institute of Technology Thailand

2. What is GNESD? GNESD: Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development Launched at the “World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002)” Facilitated by UNEP A global knowledge network involving 10 centres of excellence and network partners 2

3. Member Centres Energy Research Centre, Univ. of Cape Town, (South Africa) AFREPREN (Kenya) ENDA-TM(Senegal) Mediterranean Renewable Energy Centre MEDREC (Tunisia) Asian Institute of Technology (Thailand) TERI (India) Energy Research Institute (China) Fundación Bariloche (Argentina) CENBIO/Univ. of São Paulo & CENTROCLIMA/Fed. Univ. of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) Molina Centre on Energy and Environment, Mexico 3

4. Objective of GNESD The main objective of GNESD is to work for reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) by: Strengthening the Members Centres’ ability to acquire, assimilate, and apply existing knowledge and experiences. Working for a better understanding of the links between sustainable energy and other development and environment priorities. Working to improve government policies and programmes, and private sector, investments, so that these favour energy for sustainable development approaches. Promoting a communication infrastructure that provides a means for the members to share experiences and draw on each other’s strengths, expertise, and skills, and Strengthening exchange of knowledge and collaboration on energy issues of common interest. 4

5. Activities of GNESD The GNESD’s Secretariat facilitates the work of the centres through – Research inputs – Coordination – Dissemination and – Administration Member centre provides environmentally sound and pro- poor energy policy advice supporting sustainable development. 5

6. Thematic Areas of GNESD Biofuel Urban peri-urban Bioenergy Energy security Renewable energy technologies Energy access Policy dialogues 6

7. Publications: Energy Access GNESD (2004) Energy access: Making power sector reform work for the poor. Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD), Summary for Policy Makers GNESD (2004) Energy Access Theme Results. Summary for Policy Makers. Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development. Summary for Policy Makers ENDA (2005): Accès à l’énergie: les résultats. Résumé à l’intention des décideurs. Summary for Policy Makers. (French). 7 Please visit the following link for the publications on Energy Access http://www.gnesd.org/PUBLICATIONS/Energy-Access-Theme

8. ENERGY ACCESS: BACKGROUND

9. Background Increasing energy poverty Lack of clean energy access: about 800 million people in Asia- Pacific lack the access to electricity and about 2 billion people rely on the use of biomass for cooking (UNDP 2011) Ensuring universal access to clean & modern energy sources- Imperative to achieve Millennium Development Goal (MDG)s 9

10. Why the Urban Poor? Urbanization and rising urban poverty; a key challenge About one third of the world’s urban population in slums. Large share of developing countries’ population reside in slums Lack of adequate infrastructure Inequitable distribution of services and appallingly unhygienic conditions of slums Urban-Poor are often left out of critical policy decisions 10

11. Population Increase in Developing Countries 11

12. Key Issues The urban poor and where are they? Lack of data on urban poor, where they live? what are their energy needs, consumption patterns? Nature of settlement governs access Poor living in unauthorized settlements automatically get excluded from the formal delivery system even if they may have the income capacity to pay for it. Affordability High upfront costs, lack of innovative pricing options to address irregular incomes of the poor, and lack of targeted subsidies force poor to resort to dirty fuels. Source: A. Chaurey, Energy access for the urban poor 12

13. Key Issues Absence of monitoring and control In the absence of effective local delivery, government‘s schemes and policies do not reach the poor Habits, perception, lack of awareness Users’ attitudes can prevent the uptake of modern forms of energy. Changing these requires long term efforts of awareness creation, outreach and capacity building. Energy access is not a part of urban development/poverty alleviation programs Unless access to services and a special focus on urban poor is made part of the urban policy and programs, this aspect will continue to get left out in the future. Source: A. Chaurey, Energy access for the urban poor 13

14. Source: A. Chaurey, Energy access for the urban poor Energy and Other Urban Services to the poor: The Need Proper mapping and identification of the target segment- the urban and peri-urban poor Research/data on their usage trends and needs Urban development plans to ensure access to basic services Targeted subsidies Capacity building/ awareness Monitoring of performance 14

15. UPEA Myanmar: Knowledge and Outreach- Objectives To conduct an analysis of urban and peri-urban energy access status in Yangon, Myanmar. To understand/evaluate the linkages and impacts of modern energy access on local economics mainly through the analysis of productive uses of energy. To identify/develop policies/strategies/plans for modern energy access. To foster the potential cooperation and exchange of knowledge and best practices. To facilitate the outreach of Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD). 15

16. Workshop Background and Objectives

17. Why This Workshop? Knowledge exchange – Showcase the results of the study – Stimulate discussion – Get the feedback on the results of the study Facilitate GNESD’s outreach activity 17

18. Objectives of the Workshop To provide details on work done on energy access in Myanmar. To obtain feedback from relevant stakeholders on: – Updating the status of energy access (modern energy) to the urban poor in Myanmar – Barriers to improved energy access to the urban poor – Measures to address the barriers to improved energy access To obtain information on the policies targeted towards urban poor to improve the energy access. 18

19. Program Sessions Opening session – Welcome speech by MES – Introduction to GNESD, workshop background and Objectives Energy Access in Myanmar – Showcase the work done on Energy Access in Myanmar project and Discussion Barriers to energy access – Showcase the identified barriers from the survey and literatures – Discussion on the identified barriers and the measures to address them Individual Discussion – Measures taken by each organization to address 19

20. Expectations From the Participants Feedback on the results presented – Improvements to be made – Additional information to be incorporated Procedure for grid /LPG connection and documents needed Existing demand/supply side barriers – Measures to address the barriers Policy, institutional, financial, social Measures taken by individual organization to increase energy access to the poor 20

21. Contact Address Asian Institute of Technology 58 Moo 9, Km. 42, Paholyothin Highway P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand 21