1. Different approaches of numerical simulation of blast
Ing. Matúš Ivančo
Ing. Lucia Figuli, PhD.

2. Content Analytical methods SDOF, MDOF Numerical method
CFD, TNO Multi-Energy method, FEM
Solvers
Commercial software

3. Analytical methods
A single degree of freedom (SDOF) system requires only one coordinate to describe its position at any instant of time (springmass-damper system).
A multi degrees of freedom (MDOF) system is a system that requires two or more coordinates to describe its motion.

4. Numerical simulation CFD (Computational fluid dynamics)
TNO Multi-Energy method
FEM (Finite Element Method)
Implicit FEM
Explicit FEM

5. CFD (Computational fluid dynamics)
Advantages:
more accurate energy estimates and resulting blast wave pressure,
ability to evaluate unbalanced effects caused by realistic geometries, gas cloud changes and ignition sites.

6. TNO Multi-Energy method
The procedure for the determination of the explosion force with TNO MEM is as follows:
Determine an obstacle and / or an unrestricted region.
Determine the class number and estimate the strength of sources in each region.
Determination of the gas cloud radius.
Calculation of scaled distance, positive pressure phase and duration (explosion parameters).
Calculation of positive overpressure, duration and positive impulse (actual parameters).

7. Ingnition energy
Obstacle density
Confinement
Strenght
Low
High No
Existing X
7 – 10
5 – 7
4 – 6
4 – 5
3 – 5
2 – 3
1 – 2 1

8. Types of flame expansion TNOMEM charge strenght
Mixture reactivity
TNOMEM charge strenght
Obstacle density
High
Medium
Low
1-D 10
9 – 10  9
 7 – 8
7 – 8 6
2-D 9
4 – 5
6 – 7
2 – 3
 5 – 6
 1 – 2
3-D 3 1
3 – 4  2  1

9. FEM (Finite Element Method)
The finite element method is a calculation method that divides the CAD model into very small but ultimately geometrically simple geometric shapes. The collection of all these simple shapes forms the so-called finite element network.
Finite Element Method can by devided into:
Implicit FEM
Explicit FEM

10. Solvers
Lagrangian
Eulerian

11. Apollo Blast Simulator
Commercial Software
Software
Implicit Method
Explicit Method
Discretisation
Lagrangian
Eulerian
Lagrangian/Eulerian
ABAQUS X
ANSYS
LS-DYNA
AUTODYN
MSC.DYTRAN
NASTRAN
EUROPLEXUS
ASTER
SOPHIA
ProSAir
Apollo Blast Simulator

12. ABAQUS
Abaqus is a software suite for finite element analysis and computer-aided engineering.
The Abaqus product suite consists of five core software products:
Abaqus/CAE,(Complete Abaqus Environment),
Abaqus/Standard,
Abaqus/Explicit,
Abaqus/CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics),
Abaqus/Electromagnetic.
Used for both the modeling and analysis of mechanical components and assemblies and visualizing the finite element analysis result.
A general-purpose Finite-Element analyzer that employs implicit integration scheme.
A special-purpose Finite-Element analyzer that employs explicit integration scheme to solve highly nonlinear systems with many complex contacts under transient loads.
Software application which provides advanced computational fluid dynamics capabilities with extensive support for preprocessing and postprocessing provided in Abaqus/CAE.
Software application which solves advanced computational electromagnetic problems.

13. ABAQUS

14. ABAQUS

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