1. Clauses
A subject + a predicate.

2. Independent clauses There are two kinds of clauses:
Independent clauses can stand on their own. They are complete and make sense as-is.
Dependent clauses can’t stand on their own. They don’t make sense as they are.
Examples of independent clauses:
You should always wash your hands before you eat.
This is another example.
The United States joined World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

3. Dependent clauses Examples of dependent clauses:
Since you should always wash your hands before you eat.
Because the United States joined World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
If this is another example.
Dependent clauses include words at the beginning that make it so the clause no longer makes sense by itself.

4. Independent or dependent?
We have had a warm Winter so far.
Because there hasn’t been much snow.
It feels weird that Thanksgiving is already next week.
It’s crazy.
Although it will already be Christmas soon.

5. A sentence expresses a complete thought.
Sentences
A sentence expresses a complete thought.

6. Simple sentences
The most basic type of sentence is a simple sentence, which is just one independent clause.
The examples of independent clauses that we used earlier are also simple sentences:
You should always wash your hands before you eat.
This is another example.
The United States joined World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

7. Compound sentences
The next type of sentence is a compound sentence, which is two independent clauses joined together.
You can join two independent clauses (each has own subject and predicate) using either a semicolon (;) or a comma + a conjunction (FANBOYS)
Remember, it’s a compound sentence if both independent clauses make sense as their own sentence. If you could put a period between them, they’d each be a complete sentence.

8. Conjunctions (FANBOYS)
F or
A nd
N or
B ut
O r
Y et
S o

9. Examples of compound sentences
Using semicolons:
You should always wash your hands before you eat; this is a good habit.
This is another example; it’s a pretty awesome one.
The United States joined World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor; the war had been going on for some time before then.
Using conjunctions:
You should always wash your hands before you eat, for this is a good habit.
This is another example, and it’s a pretty awesome one.
The United States joined World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, yet the war had been going on for some time before then.

10. Form compound sentences from these clauses:
We have had a warm Winter so far.
with
There hasn’t been much snow.
It feels weird that Thanksgiving is already next week.
Soon it will already be Christmas.

11. NOW IT’S TIME FOR PRACTICE
On Thursday, we’ll cover:
Complex sentences
Compound complex sentences
Fragments
Run-ons

12. Complex and compound complex sentences
Simple sentence: 1 independent clause (Subject + predicate)
Compound sentence: 2 independent clauses (combined with ; or comma + conjunction/FANBOYS)
Complex sentence: 1 dependent clause + 1 independent clause
Since dental problems can be painful and expensive, you should always wash your hands before you eat.
Because the United States joined World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, many American women entered the workforce to substitute for the men out at war.
If this is another example, you should probably pay attention to it.

13. Complex and compound complex sentences
Compound complex sentence: 1 complex sentence + 1 complex sentence (2 dep. + 2 ind. clauses)
Say hello to #15 from that last grammar quiz. ; )
Although this sentence has a lot of sentences [dependent clause], some words will not need to be underlined, circled, or put in boxes [independent clause] , and [conjunction + comma = joining two sentences into a compound sentence] , if you get this one completely right [dependent], Mr. Schock will be very impressed with you! [independent]

14. Make a compound complex sentence:
Dependent clauses:
Because grammar can be difficult
With a bit of a practice
Independent clauses:
It’s important to pay attention to this lesson.
You will do well on the quiz next week.

15. Fragments
Missing a part.

16. Fragments, continued
Fragments are either just a subject or just a predicate.
Because they’re missing the other part, they aren’t clauses and are only fragments of a real sentence.
Examples:
Washing your hands before you eat.
Another example.
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

17. Turn the following fragments into ind. clauses:
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
A warm Winter so far.
Not much snow.

18. Run-ons
When you just keep adding subjects and predicates and do not properly combine them so it’s not even a sentence kind of like this.

19. Run-ons, continued
A run-on can be easily fixed if you break it into appropriate sentences.
Run-on example:
This grammar information is important to know and it can help your writing but it can only make a difference if you take it seriously and pay attention.
Fixed by turning it into sentences:
This grammar information is important to know. It can help your writing, but it can only make a difference if you take it seriously and pay attention.

20. Fix these two run-ons
Next week there will be a quiz on clauses, sentences, fragments, and run-ons and Mr. Schock hopes you all pass and do well this time there won’t be a redo like there was last time so it’s important that you study off of your notes and participate whenever we practice.
Where the Red Fern Grows is a book by Wilson Rawls and in the book this boy gets two dogs that hunt coons and become his best friends but in the end they die and it’s very sad.